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week in devotional assembly, every student
takes a class in religion, and a complete stake
of 33 wards is active on campus.
FRIENDLY DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT - Student ac-
tivities at BYU are tremendously successful
because students are friendly, club and church
activities are open to all, counseling is avail-
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accommodations. BYU has all the advantages
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friendliness of a small college.
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Brigham Young
UNIVERSITY
PROVO-UTAH
WikiMMWi
; .....;■..:■■:■■■ :
BY DR. FRANKLIN S. HARRIS. JR.
Crater Lakes
Lakes formed in the craters of old
volcanos are not unusual. There is
a craterlike depression 3 by 4.6 miles
in Iceland under the Vatnajokull ice-
cap which is filled with an ice-cov-
ered lake kept melted by volcanic
heat. At eruptions the lake is blown
out of the depression, and up to one-
sixth of a cubic mile of water may
be produced and discharged beyond
the margin of the icecap. The re-
sulting flood called a jokulhlaup or
glacier burst may wash away whole
parishes.
Capsule Food
Sometimes one hears the specula-
tion that in the future a person will
be able to live from a few food tab-
lets a day. The biochemist Henry
Borsook reminds us, however, that
if the average energy for a mixture
of protein, fat, and carbohydrate is
5 calories a gram, a low caloric diet
of 2000 calories a day would require
400 grams dry weight or about 0.9
pound.
Siamese Coloring
Professor George W. Beadle pointed
out that there is a special gene in the
Siamese cat which controls a tem-
perature-sensitive, pigment-forming
enzyme which is inactive at body
temperature but at a few degrees
lower will be active. The result is
color on the body extremities but
not on the body itself.
with the wispy-light touch of Supreme Saltine Crackers . .
thin, crisp, oven-fresh ... so good with cool, refreshing
salads, picnic foods, and summer snacks. Buy a package
next time you shop!
SUPREME
SUPREME BAKERS
BOWMAN BISCUIT COMPANY
Denver and Salt Lake City
JULY 1962
497
The ImDrovement Era
The Voice of the Church
Official organ of the Priesthood
Quorums, Mutual Improvement
Associations, Ward Teachers, Music
Committee, Department of Education,
and other agencies of the
Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints.
Contents for July 1962
Volume 65, Number 7
Church Features
The Editor's Page: Reverence, President David O. McKay ...508
Your Question: Why Was Not Paul Ordained by Peter to the Apostleship?
President Joseph Fielding Smith 510
Nauvoo, Stanley Buchholz Kimball 512
The Church Moves On, 502; Melchizedek Priesthood, 540; Presiding Bishopric's Page, 542.
Special Features
He Is Mighty, Mark E. Petersen 518
A Tear for a Memory, Mary Bowring 520
He Rode with God, James P. Sharp 522
THE ERA OF YOUTH between pages 524-525
Thoughts for Your Inspirational Talk, The Glory of God 525
The Book of Mormon, Why? Monte S. Nyman 530
The Spoken Word from Temple Square, Richard L. Evans 506, 532, 534, 536
Exploring the Universe, Franklin S. Harris, Jr., 497; Letters and Reports, 500; These Times:
"Towards Liberty and Justice for All," G. Homer Durham, 504.
Today's Family: Florence B. Pinnock, Editor
Open on Sunday 544
Last Word 552
Stories, Poetry
Those Who Stayed, Quin Cole 526
Poetry 506, 507, 524, 529, 546
The Improvement Era Offices, 135 South State Street, Salt Lake City, 11, Utah
David O. McKay and Richard L. Evans, Editors; Doyle L. Green, Managing Editor; Marba C. Josephson, Associate Managing Editor; Albert L Zobeix Jr
Research Editor; Patricia Middleton, Cahter E. Grant, Judith Stephan, Reed H. Blake, Editorial Associates; Florence B. Pinnock, Todays Family
Editor; Marion D, Hanks, The Era of Youth Editor; Elaine Cannon, The Era of Youth Associate Editor; Art Direction: Ralph Reynolds Studio.
Junius M. Jackson, G. Homer Durham, Franklin S. Harris, Jr., Huoh Nujley, Sidney B. Sperry, Contributing Editors.
Joseph T. Bentley, General Manager; Florence S. Jacobsen, Associate General Manager; Verl F. Scott, Business Manager; A. Glen Snarr, Acting Business
Manager and Subscription Director; Thayer Evans, Advertising Director.
Copyright 1962 by Mutual Funds, Inc., and published by the Mutual Improvement Associations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. AH rights
reserved. Subscription price $300 a year, in advance; foreign subscriptions, $3.50 a year, in advance; 35c single copy, except for special issues.
Entered at the Post Office Salt Lake City, Utah as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103. Act
of October 1917, authorized July 2, 1918. or r o r
The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts but welcomes contributions. Manuscripts are paid for on acceptance at the rate of 2c
a word and must be accompanied by sufficient postage for delivery and return.
Thirty days' notice is required for change of address. When ordering a change, please include address slip from a recent issue of the magazine. Address
changes cannot be made unless the old address as well as the new one is included.
ART AND PHOTO CREDITS
Art:
511 Grunewald
512-517 Henry Lewis, John Rowson
Smith
518 Phyllis Luch
522-523 Ted Nagata
544 Virginia Sargent
550 Emil Vallet
All other art, Ralph Reynolds Studio
ERA OF YOUTH
Photos:
Claudell Johnson
Lorin Wiggins
Ralph Clark
Max Rook
Ernst Wittke
Ralph Reynolds
THE COVER
With these rare, color lithographs
let us go up the Mississippi to
Nauvoo. Beginning at the upper left
and going clockwise on our cover:
( 1 ) St. Louis in the mid 1840's,
showing dock and ships that immi-
grants and travelers would have used on
their way up the river to Nauvoo.
All ships from New Orleans stopped
at St. Louis where passengers changed
to smaller Upper Mississippi vessels
such as these. ( 2 ) Alton, Illinois, a
typical river town of the period.
Note the river steamer. ( 3 ) River
passengers would have noted Piasa
Rock near Alton, and heard the Indian
legend of the man-eating bird con-
cerning it. ( 4 ) Warsaw, Illinois.
( 5 ) Nauvoo. ( 6 ) Temple, painted in
1848. These lithographs, by Henry
Lewis, were first printed in his book,
Das Illustrierte Mississippithal ( The
Illustrated Mississippi Valley), at
Dusseldorf, no date, [1849].
Now turn to page 512 for more
old lithographs and the fascinating
story behind them in the article
"Nauvoo." The author is Stanley
Buchholz Kimball who needs no intro-
duction to Era readers. Elder
Kimball is a returned missionary. He
received his doctor of philosophy
degree from Columbia in 1961. He
is assistant professor of European history
at Southern Illinois University (Alton),
and is building a research center there
on the Mormons in Illinois 1839-1848.
He is serving in the Church as
St. Louis Stake mission president.
Cover lithographed in full color
by Deseret News Press.
498
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
The Best at the Lowest price I
r
THE BOOK OF MORMON
IN LIVING SOUND
49
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QU On THIRTY-SIX long-play hi-fidelity
WW (33% rpm) records of highest quality
unbreakable vinyl! Two voices alter-
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and ends on a chapter. Three-second pause
between chapters. This is the finest record-
ing made — ideal for Family Night, class
or group study. The handsome two-volume
album includes books of ten Arnold Friberg
paintings in full color.
(include $1.50 sales tax, $1.60 postage per set)
STAND FAST BY OUR
CONSTITUTION
J. Reuben Clark, Jr.
Eloquent and inspiring: are the ad-
dresses in this collection delivered
by the late President Clark. In-
cluded are such titles as "Our
Dwindling Sovereignty," "Let Us
Have Peace," "America — A Choice
Land Above All Other Lands," and
"Why I Am An American." Presi-
dent Clark served as Ambassador to
Mexico, as Solicitor for the Depart-
ment of State, and as Under-Secre-
tary of State in his illustrious
career.
2.95
CONTINUING THE
QUEST
Hugh B. Brown
Some men are stirring to hear, and some
to read, but President Brown has the gift
of inspiring utterance that is still inspir-
ing when it appears in print. Here, in
this magnificent collection of 542 pages are
stake, general conference, radio addresses,
BYU talks, writings from LDS publica-
tions, some "musings" and "browsings"
from the author's own creative mind and
from other selected sources.
3.95
in
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DGSGUtESBOOh Co.
44 East South Temple Salt Lake City. Utah
Deseret Book Company
44 East South Temple
Salt Lake City, Utah
Gentlemen;
Enclosed you will find ( ) check ( ) money order ( ) I have an
account. Please charge. Down payment on Book of Mormon records
Amount enclosed Book
selections desired: ( ) Stand Fast by Our Constitution, ( ) Continuing
the Quest.
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City
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Residents of Utah include 3% sales tax.
JULY 1962
499
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Letters
and
Reports
AFTER THIRTY-SIX YEARS
Shortly after the missionaries knocked
on the door of Anna Minor in Mankato,
Minnesota, and converted her and her
nine children, a picture of the family was
published in The Improvement Era, Mav
1926.
Now, thirty-six years later, the Era again
features the Minor family. Brought to-
gether in this family picture from Minne-
sota, Idaho, and California, they stand in
their 1926 positions.
All are successful in their chosen fields-
two daughters are schoolteachers, three
beauticians; one son a sales representative,
one a maintenance machinist, one owns an
automotive business.
Front row (1-r). Morris V. Minor,
Downey, Calif., bishop, Bollflower Third
Ward; Gladys Severns, Long Beach, Calif.,
NATIONAL CHAPLAIN
Recently appointed
chaplain of the
National -Interstate
Council of State
Boards of Cosme-
tology is Mrs. Ima
Adcox, secretary of
the YWMIA in the
El Dorado Branch,
Arkansas District,
Central States Mis-
» sion.
A "veteran" of thirty years in cos-
metology, Mrs. Adcox is also the teacher
of the combined 1st and 2nd year Beehives
and is listed in Who's Who of American
Women.
Sunday School stake board; Anna Minor,
Long Beach, still an active Relief Society
visiting teacher; Sally Hovig, New Rich-
land, Minn., genealogy worker and Relief
Society teacher; and Orvalle H. Minor,
Lakewood, Calif., stake Sunday School
superintendent.
Back row (1-r). Bernice Windle, Long
Beach, Sunday School secretary; Nellie
Hansen, Long Beach, Sunday School
teacher; Milton B. Minor, Nampa, Idaho,
Nampa Stake high coimcilman; Viola
Shields, Long Beach, YWMIA secretary;
and Florence Fesler, Los Angeles, Calif.,
stake Relief Society board.
Sister Minor's family also includes nine-
teen grandchildren and seventeen great
grandchildren.
NEW MEMBER WRITES
Wickford, Essex, England
Dear Editor:
. . . Know that we in England feel a
deep love and gratitude for the mission-
aries who come to bring us the gospel and
for all of you whose work helps us to learn
and to live the gospel.
With so much help, so much to uplift
and edify us, we really have no excuse for
failing our Heavenly Father in any way.
I would appreciate it so much if, when
you meet with your staff, you would tell
them that the work they do means a very
great deal to us, and that we are deeply
grateful for you all.
Sincerely yours,
Padda M. Speller
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
SOUTHERN HOSPITALITY
Ogden, Utah
Dear Editors:
I was born and raised in the Methodist
Church in Oklahoma before I was shipped
out here to be stationed at Hill AFB. In
November I married an LDS girl, and in
February I was baptized into the Church.
What I am about to say is something I
found to be true before I ever considered
joining the Church.
No matter where I went in my weekend
travels here in the state I found that LDS
people would take me in and tell me,
"'What we have is yours. Come and share
with us." I come from a part of the
country that is supposed to be known for
its "Southern Hospitality," but I sincerely
believe that the LDS people of Utah could
give these southern states some very good
pointers.
Sincerely,
Bruce E. Snethen
SIX YEAR RECORD
William H. Felt,
Ogden Thirteenth
Ward, Ogden
(Utah) Stake, has
a record of one
hundred percent at-
tendance at all his
Church meetings
for the past six
years. An Eagle
Scout, he has his
. Duty to God award
and has served as YMMIA secretary and
priesthood chorister.
LIKES FAMILY HISTORY
Dear Editors:
The March issue contained an article
entitled, "Writing a Family History," au-
thored by Cleo Grigg Johnson. ... I enjoy
the Era very much, and found this particu-
lar article especially interesting because I
too am engaged in writing a family history.
Sincerely yours,
Vernon R. Beeler
TASTE ITS TINGLING TARTNESS
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JULY 1962
501
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502
The Church
Moves On
May 1962
It was announced that Mrs. Margaret P. Ottosen, Mrs. Lu-
cile C. Reading, Mrs. Knell S. Skidmore and Mrs. Lurene
G. Wilkinson had received appointments to the general
board of the Primary Association.
Brigham Young University Third Ward defeated Santa Ana
of California to win the senior all-Church volleyball tournament.
Garden Heights Ward won over Valley View Eighth Ward to take
the junior all-Church volleyball tournament. Both finalists in the
junior division were from the Salt Lake City area. The two-day
tournament was played at Deseret Gym.
The First Presidency announced the appointment of Elder
Lloyd P. Mickelsen as president of the Great Lakes Mission,
succeeding President Clifford O. Gledhill. President Mick-
elsen has been president of the North Idaho Falls (Idaho) Stake
for the past nine years. He is a former high councilman, bishop,
Sunday School superintendent, and scoutmaster. With him to the
new assignment will go his wife and, two of their five children.
Assistant Church historian Preston Nibley and Church
Landscape Architect Irvin T. Nelson have been appointed
members of the Church Historic Sites Committee. Others
who are currently serving on this committee are Elder Thorpe B.
Isaacson, Assistant to the Council of the Twelve as chairman, and
Elder Wilford C. Wood.
Elder Dale G. Olson sustained as president of North Idaho
Falls (Idaho) Stake with Elders Rex T. Price and Jerold K.
Rogers as his counselors. They succeed President Lloyd
P. Mickelsen and his counselors, Elders Byron C. Telford and Jack
A. Wood.
Boston (Massachusetts) Stake, 345th such unit now func-
|S| tioning in the Church, was organized from parts of the New
England Mission by President Henry D. Moyle of the First
Presidency, Elders Harold B. Lee and Gordon B. Hinckley of the
Council of the Twelve, and Elder Franklin D. Richards, Assistant
to the Twelve. Elder Wilbur Wallace Cox was sustained as stake
president with Elders Glen Wade and Don Parker as his counselors.
The new stake has five wards and three branches. Boston is be-
lieved to have been first visited by LDS missionaries, Elders Orson
Hyde and Samuel H. Smith (the Prophet's brother), on June 22,
1832. They baptized four persons four days later. Boston was the
port of entry for some of the emigrating European Saints in 1856
and 1857.
The First Presidency announced the formation of a new
Northeast British Mission from parts of the North British
Mission, also the call of Elder Alva D. Greene of Boise,
Idaho, to serve as mission president. President Greene served
a mission in England, 1934-36, in the bishopric of the Colonial
Hills (Salt Lake City) Ward; as a member of the high council
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
in Pasadena (California) Stake;
branch president of the Spokane
(Washington) Central Branch; as a
member of the Boise Stake high
council; as bishop of Boise First
Ward; and was serving as an alter-
nate member of the Boise Stake high
council at the time of this call. With
him to his new assignment will go
his wife and three daughters. The
couple have two other daughters
who are married. This is the seventh
mission now functioning in the
British Isles. Missionaries first ar-
rived there in July 1837.
The First Presidency an-
nounced the formation of the
new Korean Mission, from
parts of the Northern Far East Mis-
sion, and the call of Elder Gail
Edwards Carr to serve as the mission
president. The new mission will
embrace all of Korea south of the
thirty-eighth parallel. President Carr,
of Lynnwood, California, served
three years in Korea in the armed
forces, three years in the Northern
Far East Mission, one and a half
years of which was in Korea as a
supervising elder. Now thirty-two
years of age, he is returning as
mission president with his wife
Gwyneth. President Carr's Church
experience includes instructing boys
of Aaronic Priesthood age in their
priesthood and MIA work and as a
seminary teacher. Korea is a land
that has opened to mission endeavor
since World War II.
The First Presidency an-
nounced the formation of the
new Argentine North Mission
and the call of Elder Ronald Verl
Stone of Oakland, California, to
serve as mission president. This is
the third new mission to be an-
nounced by the First Presidency in
as many days. President Stone
served as a missionary in Argentina
as a young elder. At the time of this
call he is serving as a counselor in
the Oakland Third Ward bishopric.
With him to this new assignment will
go his wife, the former Patricia Judd,
and the couple's four young chil-
dren. Argentina first became a mis-
sion field of the Church in 1925,
when the late Elders Melvin J. Bal-
lard (of the Council of the Twelve)
and Rulon S. Wells and Rey L. Pratt
(of the First Council of the Seventy)
arrived in Buenos Aires to open the
South American Mission.
DISTINCTIVE BINDINGS
For a Permanent Reference of the Improvement Era
JP or 12 issues in hand-
some covers only $3.30. All
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JULY 1962
503
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ADVERTISEMENT
THESE TIMES
Towards Liberty and Justice for All
Eight of nine Presidents of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints, 1830-1962, have been native-
born citizens of the United States of
America. The third President of the
Church, John Taylor (1808-1887),
was born in Milnethorpe, Westmore-
land County, England, and was a
resident of Toronto, Canada, when
he met Parley P. Pratt and joined the
Church in 1836. Of the eight native
Americans, two, Joseph Smith ( 1805-
1844) and Brigham Young (1801-
1877), were natives of the state of
Vermont. Wilford Woodruff (1807-
1898) was born in Connecticut.
Lorenzo Snow ( 1814-1901 ) was born
in Mantua, Ohio. Joseph F. Smith
(1838-1918) was a native of Mis-
souri, having been born in Far West,
Caldwell County. As a lad of nine,
President Smith drove a yoke of
oxen to Utah in 1848. Heber J.
Grant (1856-1945) and George Al-
bert Smith (1870-1951) were both
born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Presi-
dent David O. McKay was born
September 8, 1873 in Huntsville,
Utah.
All have been concerned with the
health and welfare of the American
nation as well as that of the Church.
Their concern, however, has not
BY DR. G. HOMER DURHAM
PRESIDENT, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, TEMPE
been merely that of national jingo-
ism. Rather, respecting the principle
of man's free agency, their state-
ments along patriotic lines have
related American destiny to the des-
tiny and well-being of free peoples
everywhere.
Joseph Smith. The Prophet Joseph
Smith said the Constitution was a
glorious standard because its princi-
ples guaranteed "to all parties, sects,
and denominations, and classes of
religion, equal, coherent, and inde-
feasible rights." On February 7, 1844
he said: "Come . . . Texas; come
Mexico; come Canada; and come all
the world; let us be brethren, let us
be one great family, and let there
be universal peace." (Views of the
Powers and Policy of the Govern-
ment of the United States.) Earlier
in the same document he wrote:
"The wisdom which ought to charac-
terize the freest, wisest, and most
noble nation of the nineteenth cen-
tury should, like the sun in his me-
ridian splendor, warm every object
beneath its rays; and the main efforts
of her officers, who are nothing
more or less than the servants of the
people, ought to be directed to
ameliorate the condition of all, black
or white, bond or free. For the best
504
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
of books says, 'God hath made of
one blood all nations of men for to
dwell on all the face of the earth.' "
(Acts 17:26.)
Brigham Young. In one discourse,
President Young said: "This, then,
is our position towards the Govern-
ment of the United States and to-
wards the world, to put down
iniquity, and exalt virtue; to declare
the word of God which he revealed
unto us, and build up his Kingdom
upon the earth." The President of
the United States, he said, "should
be a perfect pattern for all the peo-
ple to walk after; so also should the
Vice-President, the members of the
Cabinet, and of Congress, the Gov-
ernors of States and Territories, and
in fine, all the officers in the Govern-
ment, be patterns for the people to
imitate."
John Taylor. "The worst wish we
have for the human family," said
President Taylor, "is that the prin-
ciples enunciated in our Constitution
may reverberate over the wide earth,
and spread from shore to shore un-
til mankind shall be free." The Con-
stitution, he also stated, "was the
entering wedge for the introduction
of a new era, and in it were intro-
duced principles for the birth and
organization of a new world." And,
"when our government shall be suf-
ficiently strong, pure, and honorable,
islands, states, and dynasties will
seek shelter under its wings; . . .
They will need no coercion. They
will seek to be one with us."
Wilford Woodruff. "The Lord has
been at work for the last three hun-
dred years preparing this land, with
a government and constitution which
would guarantee equal rights and
privileges to the inhabitants thereof,
in the midst of which he could es-
tablish his kingdom." Again, "We
live in a government raised up by
the God of heaven. We have a Con-
stitution that was given by inspira-
tion from God to man. I believe it
is the best human form of govern-
ment that was ever given to the hu-
man family."
Lorenzo Snow. Proud to be an
American citizen, President Snow-
was also keenly aware of the world-
wide responsibilities of the Church.
He called Heber J. Grant on Feb-
ruary 14, 1901, to open a new mis-
sion to Japan. At the October
conference following, he said: "The
Church is now nearly seventy-two
years of age, and we are not ex-
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pected to do the work of the days of
our youth, but do greater, larger,
and more extensive work. . . . The
apostles and the seventies— it is their
business, by the appointment of the
Almighty, to look after the interests
of the world."
Joseph F. Smith. As President of
the Church in April 1905, President
Smith said: "In speaking of national-
ities, we all understand or should
that in the Church . . . there is
neither Scandinavian, nor Swiss, nor
German, nor Russian, nor British nor
any other nationality. We have be-
come brothers in the household of
faith, and we should treat the people
from these nations . . . with due
kindness and consideration." On an-
other occasion: "This great American
nation the Almighty raised up by the
power of his omnipotent hand, that
it might be possible in the latter days
for the kingdom of God to be estab-
lished in the earth. . . . His hand has
been over this nation, and it is his
purpose and design to enlarge it,
make it glorious above all others,
and to give it dominion, and power
over the earth, to the end that those
who are kept in bondage and serf-
dom may be brought to the enjoy-
ment of the fullest freedom and
liberty of conscience possible for
intelligent men to exercise in the
earth. The Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints will be a strong
supporter of the nation ... in the
accomplishment of this grand pur-
pose."
Heber J. Grant. "From my child-
hood days I have understood that
we believe absolutely that the con-
stitution of our country is an inspired
instrument, and that God directed
those who created it and those who
defended the independence of this
nation." And, in a keen, appreciative
statement of appreciation for indi-
viduality, in the June 1919 confer-
ence which sustained him as the
seventh President of the Church, he
said : "I am a thorough convert to the
idea that it is not possible for all
men to see alike."
George Albert Smith. America,
President Smith taught, is a land
"dedicated for the blessing of man-
kind. This Church of Jesus Christ
with which we are identified stands
for the perpetuation of the liberties
of all mankind." As President, Oc-
tober 7, 1945, his first general con-
ference as presiding officer, he said:
"It is your duty and mine to re-
On Justifying Our Faults
RICHARD I_. EVANS
THE
SPOKEN
WORD
There is a sentence from Thomas a Kempis which
suggests the frequent human failing of pointing
to the faults and defects of others in justifying our
"What is it to you if a man is such and such,'
own:
he said, [or] "if another does or says this or that?
You will not have to answer for others, but you will have to give
an account of yourself."1 There is a tendency to look to see what
others do, to listen to hear what others say, and to take comfort
in our own weaknesses from the weaknesses of others. We are
often disposed to say "he did it, or someone else did it, or someone's
son did it, so it is all right for us to do it." In matters of dishonesty,
immorality, cheating, or cutting corners, we are too likely to justify
ourselves by the errors and acts of others. What everyone else is
doing, or what anyone else is doing, may be right or may be wrong,
and it is not good to follow a bad example, no matter how many
others are involved. The number involved doesn't make good of
an evil act. The number who cheat doesn't make dishonesty
honest. On this point of dividing responsibility by multiplying
participants, Kipling unforgettably gave us this terse sentence:
"The sin they do by two and two they must pay Cor one by one."2
All of us have influence with others, and anyone who does what
he shouldn't do makes it easier for others to do what they shouldn't
do. And instead of following others in a wrong direction, we ought
to lead them in a right direction. We have an obligation to look
at things as they are: as to their conformity with the commandments,
as to their virtue or honor or honesty— to look to ourselves and
accept the right and responsibility of deciding for ourselves. And
beyond what we can see shortsightedly, we are sustained by the
fact that the judgments of our Father in heaven will be fair, that
he will not judge us by others, that we shall not receive more or
less than we deserve; that no man will lose what he is entitled to.
And well would we decide to follow good examples and not to
follow bad ones, or seek to justify ourselves by the acts of others.
"The sin they do by two and two they must pay for one by one."2
"What is it to you if a man is such and such, [or] if another does
or says this or that? You will not have to answer for others, but
you will have to give an account of yourself."1
Thomas a Kempis, Imitation of Christ.
2Rudyard Kipling, Tomlinson.
"The Spoken Word," from Temple Square presented over KSL and the
Columbia Broadcasting System, April 29, 1962. Copyright 1962.
HER SUNDIAL
BY DOROTHY OAKLEY REA
Mother and small son walking along a sun-splashed street;
Their shadows, hand in hand, dance swiftly at their feet.
Her shadow straight and tall; his shadow small and round;
They laugh at their likenesses traced there upon the ground.
The summer suns pass quickly. They walk another day.
Now, shadows move sedately down the familiar way.
His shadow now the tall one, her shadow slight and bent,
And as she walks she wonders where his little shadow went.
506
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
member in our prayers the President
of the United States of America, to
remember the men who represent
us in the Congress of the United
States, to remember the executives
of the states of the nation, and to
pray for them that they might have
divine aid."
David O. McKay. "If we would
make the world better, let us foster
a keener appreciation of the free-
dom and liberty guaranteed by the
Government of the United States as
framed by the founders of this na-
tion." (October conference, 1940.)
"The Constitution of this govern-
ment was written by men who ac-
cepted Jesus Christ as the Savior of
mankind. Let men and women in
these United States then continue
to keep their eyes centered upon him
who ever shines as a Light to all the
world." On another occasion he de-
clared: "God bless the Church. It is
world-wide. Its influence should be
felt by all nations. May his Spirit
influence men everywhere and in-
cline their hearts toward good will
and peace" (1952). In April 1962:
"The marvelous progress that has
been made in transportation and
communication makes it possible for
the promulgation of the truths of
the restored gospel to be made
known to the children of men every-
where on the face of the globe."
These thoughtful sentiments may
strike more patriotic fire from read-
ers under the protection of the Stars
and Stripes than from others. But
the concern expressed for brethren
in other lands, also, must surely con-
vey strong feelings of assurance, as
well as respect, in these times.
TO AN UNBORN CHILD
BY RUBY ZAGOREN
Dear child whose face we soon will
see,
Deep love is all we have for thee.
Our house is little; room is small;
There's scarcely any lawn at all.
Please try to overlook these things
For we will give thee love's sure
wings.
An excellent and persuasive
ist m ye<
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"It is high time we
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threat to America of
creeping socialism as the ruthless comrade
to atheistic communism. Read this ideological
masterpiece and find out why patriotic groups
in the United States are now receiving the smear
treatment I"
from a column by George Todt, April 30, 1962
Los Angeles Herald-Examiner
excerpt from "The L.
The subtitle on this volume: Socialism — the
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JULY 1962
507
IMA
nnnnnn
t
O
Reverence
THE EDITOR'S PAGE / PRESIDENT
Reverence is a beautiful virtue, a virtue
that points to the strength of man, not
his weakness. It is said that love is the
highest attribute of man. Sympathy for
each other is another, but I believe I
would put reverence next to love. Rever-
ence is profound respect mingled with
love— "a complex emotion made up of
mingled feelings of the soul."
Reverence embraces regard, defer-
ence, honor, and esteem. Without some
degree of it, therefore, there would be
no courtesy, no gentility, no consider-
ation of others' feelings or of others'
rights. It is the fundamental virtue
in religion.
Reverence for God and sacred things
is the chief characteristic of a great
soul. Little men may succeed, but
without reverence they can never be
great. A great man is reverent. He
has reverence for Deity; he has rever-
ence for all things associated with Deity,
and the great problem that is facing the
world today is the attitude toward God,
his Son, and the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Not long ago we stood close to the
Iron Curtain. One could feel the
shadow hanging over that city of Berlin.
In old China, Christianity and belief in
Christ has been crushed by the com-
munists. Reverence for Deity, belief in
God, is fading from the minds of too
many people in nations now conquered
by the communists, and we need no
further proof of the error of that
ideology.
I once visited the Taj Mahal in India,
"a poem in architecture," the most beau-
tiful building, according to many, in all
the world, built by Shah Jehan in
memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It
is not a religious house; in fact it is a
tomb. Brother Hugh J. Cannon and I
visited it when we were on a world
tour of missions. Many persons were
there, strangers, tourists, but they were
all speaking in subdued tones. The sur-
roundings created a spirit of reverence,
indeed. Tourists acted reverently because
they sensed that the building had been
erected for some other purpose than for
irreverence and boisterousness.
In our Church our buildings are built
for the purpose of communing with our
Heavenly Father. I cannot imagine
anyone entering a chapel with a feeling
of boisterousness in his or her heart.
We enter a chapel to worship the
Lord. We want to partake of his Spirit,
and by partaking of his Spirit we build
up our own spiritual strength. In the
prayer given to us by the Lord our
Savior, the first sentence contains these
words, "Our Father which art in heaven,
Hallowed be thy name." (Matt. 6:9.)
The word hallowed alone is associated
with the spirit of reverence, and rever-
ence is one of the holiest attributes of
the soul. If you were going to meet one
of the kings of the world, you would
have in mind some questions as to how
you should act and how you should
dress. You would probably go to the
508
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
DAVID O. MCKAY
extent of inquiring and spending money
in order that you might be properly
attired. In such a case you are going
into the presence of only an earthly
potentate or ruler for whom you have
great respect.
But when you enter a church build-
ing, you are coming into the presence
of our Father in heaven; and that
thought should be sufficient incentive
for you to prepare your hearts, your
minds, and even your attire, that you
might appropriately and properly sit in
his presence.
By example and precept, children
should be impressed with the inappro-
priateness of confusion and disorder in
a worshiping assembly. They should be
impressed in childhood, and have it
emphasized in their minds in youth,
that it is disrespectful to talk or even
to whisper during a sermon, and that
it is the height of rudeness to leave a
worshiping assembly before dismissal.
In the classrooms children should be
taught, should be free to discuss, free
to speak, free to participate in classwork,
but no member of the class has the right
to distract another student by jostling
or making light and frivolous remarks.
Good order in the classroom is essential
to instil into the hearts and lives of
young men and women the principle of
self-control. They want to talk, and they
want to whisper, but they cannot do
it because it will disturb someone else.
Disorder injures the child who makes
it. He should learn that when he is
in society there are certain things which
he cannot do with impunity. He cannot
trespass upon the rights of his associates.
Whether the place of meeting is a
humble chapel or a "poem of architec-
ture" makes little or no difference in our
approach and attitude toward him. To
know he is there should be sufficient
to pattern our conduct.
Three influences in home life awaken
reverence in children and contribute to
its development in their souls. These
are gentle guidance, courtesy shown by
parents to each other and to children,
and prayer, in which children partici-
pate. Let children learn these lessons
in youth.
Reverence for God's name should be
dominant in every home. Profanity
should never be expressed in a home
in this Church. It is wrong; it is irrever-
ent to take God's name in vain. There
is no provocation which will justify it.
Let us apply that quality and that virtue
at all times.
If there were more reverence in hu-
man hearts there would be less room
for sin and sorrow and increased capacity
for joy and gladness. To make more
cherished, more adaptable, more attrac-
tive, this gem among brilliant virtues
is a project worthy of the most united
and prayerful efforts of every officer,
every parent, and every member of
the Church.
JULY 1962
509
WHY WAS NOT PAUL
ORDAINED BY PETER TO
THE APOSTLESHIP?
question: "Why was not Paul
ordained to the apostleship by
Peter, James, and John, who were
apostles? In reading the -first chap-
ter of Paul's epistle to the Gala-
tians, we find this: 'Paul, an apostle,
not of man, neither by man, but
by Jesus Christ, and God the
Father, who raised him from the
dead'
"In verses 15 and 16, Paul points
out that when God called him he
did not confer with flesh and
blood, neither did he go up to
Jerusalem to them that were apos-
tles before him, but he went into
Arabia. It was three years before
he went to Jerusalem, and then
the only apostles he saw were
Peter and James, the Lord's brother.
Leaving Jerusalem he went to
YOUR
QUE&
TION
ANSWERED BY
JOSEPH
FIELDING
SMITH
ANSWER: Unfortunately the rec-
ords that have come down to us
are extremely fragmentary. We
have no continuous story. Paul
became an eyewitness to the mis-
sion of the Lord when he received the great vision
which turned him from his mistaken course. This,
however, did not constitute the qualification for the
apostleship. There were a number of things that
had to be done. First, he had to be baptized for
the remission of his sins and confirmed; then he went
into retirement in Arabia, no doubt for a period of
study and preparation and prayer. He then returned to
enter the ministry with humility and zeal, surpassing
the efforts of many of the brethren. There is no doubt
that he spent some time with the brethren in which
he convinced them of his integrity and his complete
conversion to the mission of the Son of God. We are
extremely lacking in information in relation to many
important details that failed to seep through the ages
to our day, and we are left in darkness to know when
and where Paul was ordained. But this is not strange
when we think of the fragmentary information that
PRESIDENT OF
THE COUNCIL
OF THE TWELVE
Syria and Cilicia, and the churches
of Judea not having seen him by
face, only heard that he now
preached the faith which once he
destroyed.
"Fourteen years later Paul and
Barnabas (who was an apostle)
and Titus went to Jerusalem, and
Paul communicated with them
in a conference. But when they
saw that the gospel of the cir-
cumcision was committed to Peter,
then James, Cephas, and John gave
Paul and Barnabas the right hand
of fellowship and agreed that Paul
and Barnabas would go to the
heathen. Now we are wondering
if a new dispensation of the gospel
was committed to Paul. There are
scriptures that seem to support
this thought."
when Barnabas became an apostle,
or James, the brother of the Lord.
If it had not been for the faith-
ful recording by Luke, the chances
are that we would have as little
about the activities of Paul as we have about Peter
and John and the other original members of the
council of apostles. The fact may be correctly sur-
mised that Paul did find time to mingle with his
brethren and that through the divine inspiration the
apostleship was conferred on him by their action. It
is evidently true also that Barnabas likewise was by
them ordained, also James, the Lord's brother, and
others if we had the record. We have no reason to
believe that Paul received his ordination independent
of the action of the other apostles. There is nothing
strange in his statement in the introduction in his
epistle to the Galatians, or to the Corinthians, Ephe-
sians, Collossians, and Timothy, that his call was not
of man, but of God. Just when and how he was
ordained is not revealed, but this is true of Barnabas.
What does matter is the fact that Paul, like Peter,
James, and John, and the other apostles, received
has been received. There is no written record as to authority by a divine call. Not one of them obtained
510
THE IMPBOVEMENT ERA
the authority by the will of man! We all could wish
that more had been revealed, but the Lord has
sanctioned their ministry, and we know it is true.
James, the brother of John, we know was cut
down in martyrdom after a very brief ministry. Our
knowledge of the activities of others of the original
twelve is clouded in mystery; that they were faithful
is true, and indications point to the fact that all of
the original twelve also Paul, laid down their lives
in martyrdom, except John the Revelator, and he
was spared to continue his ministry until the sec-
ond coming of our Lord, according to the revela-
tion given to Nephi six hundred years before
John's birth.
It is very easy for one to be misled and reach a
false conclusion in relation to these apostles and
their ministry because of the lack of authentic in-
formation. We learn more of the journeying and
ministry of Paul because he had an excellent scribe
with him in his missionary labors. It is evident that
the original twelve had but few occasions, during
their ministry, to meet in council. Conditions were
vastly different in that day from the conditions which
prevail today. When Paul and Barnabas, or Silas
and other brethren, went forth among the nations
they had to go on foot, occasionally by donkey and
when crossing the Mediterranean, by ship; but what-
ever means, it was a laborious and tedious journey.
They had no means of communication except by
letter, usually carried by a friend. Paul on several
occasions writes of sending in the care of friends
information and greetings to others. Peter refers to
Paul's ministry in the following words:
"Wherefore, beloved, seeing that ye look for such
things, be diligent that ye may be found of him in
peace, without spot, and blameless.
"And account that the longsuffering of our Lord
is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also
according to the wisdom given unto him hath written
unto you;
"As also in all his epistles, speaking in them
of these things; in which are some things hard
to be understood, which they that are unlearned
and unstable wrest, as they do also the other
scriptures, unto their own destruction." (See 2 Peter
3:14-17.)
Paul as painted by Grunewald
JULY 1962
511
BY STANLEY BUCHHOLZ KIMBALL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY (ALTON)
There is a tremendous travel literature on the Missis-
sippi River and Valley, beginning with the accounts
of DeSoto, who first saw the lower Mississippi, May 8,
1541, and Joliet and Marquette, who first saw the
upper Mississippi, June 17, 1673. During the nine-
teenth century the region held great attraction for
travelers, seeking fertile farms, adventure, opportunity
to study natural history, for the pioneers and Indians.
The hub of the area, the center of trade for the
great western waterway system of the upper and
lower Mississippi, the Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois
rivers, and the point of departure for the upper
Mississippi was St. Louis. Along these waterways
and through St. Louis moved the great waves of
immigrants into the upper Mississippi Valley.
The 1820's saw the end of isolation and the be-
ginning of the "Steamboat Era." In 1829 two hundred
steamboats were in use. By 1843 the steam tonnage
on the river was greater than that of the whole
British Empire. The population of the valley grew
commensurately. At the beginning of the Steamboat
Age there were about 2,100,000 in the valley, in 1830,
4,190,000, and in 1840, about 6,700,00a1
Above the young giant of St. Louis there were a
host of embryonic cities. One of these was Commerce
in Hancock County, Illinois, which later became
Nauvoo.2 These towns were interconnected with
each other and with St. Louis, mainly by steamboat.
Many of these river towns are known in church
history: Alton, Quincy, Warsaw, and Nauvoo (224
river miles above St. Louis) in Illinois, and Keokuk
and Montrose in Iowa.
Illustrating this article are rare and little-known prints,
some seen for the first time, we believe, in any Latter-day
Saint publication. Top: A daguerreotype of the Nauvoo
Temple, photographer and date unknown. In some details
this seems to be better than any previously known photo
of that sacred building. Bottom: An original sketch of the
temple by Henry Lewis. This is dated 1848.
512
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
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The flaws and imperfections in these prints and those reprinted on the following 4 pages, are on the
original pencil sketches, ink drawings, and century-old daguerreotype prints.
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Almost everyone who came west, whatever his
reasons, included a trip on the river between St. Louis
and such upstream cities as Galena and St. Paul.
Following is a "sampler" of fresh and contemporary
views by travelers and artists who saw or visited
Nauvoo during the 1840's.8 Most of these accounts
are either completely or generally unknown.
One of the earliest such accounts is that of E. B.
Washburn, (1816-1887) one time US Minister to
France (1869-1877) and Secretary of State to Presi-
dent Grant.4 He passed Nauvoo in March 1840 and
wrote that it was one of the "most beautiful [sites] I
ever saw on the river, . . . which place I frequently
visited while the Mormons were there." The Mormons
"came in great numbers in 1841, and the whole of
that magnificent site was covered over with small
residencies . . . and every description of building, . . ."
He wrote that "I had been at Nauvoo before the
.'■' .:' :
NAUVOO
<*i|.
anti-Mormon outbreak and had stopped at the hotel
kept by Jo Smith, but Jo was absent and his wife ran
the hotel, and ran it very well, as I thought. She
seemed to be a nice woman, and, I think she had the
reputation among all the people who knew her, of
being an honest good woman. I know she treated me
very well." He was again in Nauvoo after the murder
of Joseph and Hyrum in June 1844 and again stayed
at the Nauvoo House. "There was a great hubbub
around there, . . . and I do not recollect of any cir-
cumstances in my life, not ever during the reign of
the Commune in Paris [1871], where I felt myself
in more danger from the feelings which had been
excited by the killing of the Smiths."
Later on in the year of the murder (1844) a certain
Dr. Albert C. Koch of Dresden, Germany, visited
Nauvoo.5 He was making one of the popular tours
of western America that many Europeans of the day
made. While his steamboat lay over at Montrose,
514
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
opposite Nauvoo, he took the opportunity of visiting
Nauvoo. He claims that in Liverpool he had become
acquainted with one of the "Apostles of the Mormons,"
a certain "Herr Prott." (This, of course, would have
been Parley P. Pratt who in 1840 had been in Liver-
pool in charge of the emigrating Saints from England. )
He records that he was very much impressed with
the temple, especially with the baptismal font. He
considered the oxen to be "masterpieces.""
After the martyrdom Nauvoo achieved some
notoriety, and more travelers than ever visited the
city. In 1845 one William Whitwell Greenough made
a tour of the western country.7 In his journal he
records that on June 20 "we passed the famous city
of Nauvoo, said to contain fifteen to twenty thou-
sands ... it presents a fine appearance." He then
gives a brief description of the temple, and his
mordant opinion as to the future of the city and
opinion of strangers." He apparently had had a
pleasant and interesting visit, for his narrative is fair
and somewhat sympathetic.
During the last days of 1845 a Congregational
minister, Truman M. Post, of Illinois College at
Jacksonville, was called upon to dedicate a new
church in Burlington, Iowa.9 Upon his return from
Burlington he passed through Montrose and Nauvoo.
At Montrose he witnessed the misery of the Saints
who had been driven from Illinois. "We reached
Montrose towards sunset. A crowd was massed
there of all ages and both sexes, in most miserable
plight, from the cold and approaching night, the
want of public houses, or indeed any comfortable
house for shelter or food. . . . The crowd was huddled
together, cold, hungry, bedless, well-nigh shelterless."
Without further comment or any effort to allay
their suffering he passed on, crossed the river to
*
"■■"•"" "££§&. *fe«w^»
people. "What is to be the destination of this singular
body of fanatics, since the death of their prophet and
governor is hard to say; but from the state of feeling
which exists towards them in their neighborhood, and
from the death of their leader, there would seem
to be sufficient cause for the decay of the sect."
At about the same time the president of Columbia
College (now Columbia University), Nathaniel Fish
Moore (1782-1872), made a typical easterner's tour
of the great west and the frontier.8 His steamer, the
Ceclia, stopped at Montrose, and he took advantage of
this layover to visit Nauvoo. He hired a coach and
drove around the city and visited with some workmen
on the temple. While there he was strongly urged
to see the "mummies," however, since he had seen so
many before, he did not consider it important enough
to do so. He comments on the respectable appear-
ance of the town as a whole, and the fact that all
those he met seemed desirous "to stand well in the
Motion pictures — scenes that really moved — added much to
the travelogues of more than a century ago. Here is Henry
Lewis's original sketch of the "approach to Nauvoo from
above." The time is July 28, 184-8. Courtesy Missouri
Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo.
Illinois and found himself in the midst of an anti-
Mormon carnival. He struggled "alone midst the
crowd— noisy, blasphemous, and reeking with whisky
and tobacco." He stayed the night and left the next
morning for Quincy.
In 1846 shortly after the exodus to the west, Charles
Lanman made a canoe voyage up the Mississippi.10
He stopped at Nauvoo briefly. In a walk of ten
minutes he counted "several hundred chimneys, which
were all at least that number of families had left
behind them, as memorials ... to the wickedness of
their persecutors." He pitifully and sympathetically
describes the remains of Nauvoo, the superb panorama
upon every side, its "solemn streets bring a most
melancholy disappointment. Where lately resided no
JULY 1962
515
NAUVOO
less than 25,000 people there are not to be seen
more than above 500 . . . which in mind, body, and
purse seem to be perfectly wretched."11
He praised the temple and considered it one of the
finest buildings in the country. At the end of his
account he reconstructs the following revealing and
sad testimony of his "guide." It is a good example
of the pitiful conditions of the Saints who for a time
remained behind in Nauvoo after the first companies
left for the west. "Mine, sir, is a hard, hard lot, . . .
is it not cruel, in the extreme, for those, who call
themselves the only true church to oppress me and
my people as they have done? My property has
been stolen from me, and my dwelling been con-
sumed; and now while my family is dependent upon
a more fortunate brother for support, my little chil-
dren cannot go into the streets without being pelted
with stones and my daughters cannot go to the well
after a pail of water without being insulted by the
young and nobel [sic] among our persecutors. I do
not deserve this treatment. I am not a scoundrel or
a foreigner; far, far from the truth is this supposition.
My grandfather, sir, was killed at the battle of York-
town, as an officer of the glorious Revolution; my
own father, too, was also an American army officer
during the last war (Continued on page 548)
Top left: Nauvoo and Temple, from an 184-6 daguerreotype (this has been printed in at least one
LDS book). From Illinois State Historical Library. Top right: Engraving from a drawing by
John Rowson Smith, a St. Louis artist, contemporary of the Prophet. First published by Graham's
Magazine, April 1849, and claimed to be first picture of the Nauvoo Temple published. Note that
the artist has depicted, baptismal font outside. Bottom left: Sketch by Henry Lewis 1848 of bap-
tismal font. Courtesy Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo. Above: Daguerreotype of
Nauvoo Temple, Courtesy Illinois State Historical Library.
JULY 1962
517
". . . Behold ye shall go up to Jerusalem again, and the Lord will deliver Laban into your hands.
"And after the angel had departed, Laman and Lemuel again began to murmur, saying: How is
it possible that the Lord will deliver Laban into our hands? Behold, he is a mighty man, and he can
command fifty, yea, even he can slay fifty; then why not us?" (1 Nephi 3:29, 31. Italics added.)
To those who have faith, the statement of Laman and Lemuel seems quite ludicrous. They
feared Laban and his fifty soldiers more than they feared the Creator of heaven and earth— the
Creator of Laban and his soldiers. They were pitifully limited in their understanding of things!
But we are not so different. As in their case our own conception of things is dependent upon
our knowledge. We, too, see only as far as our perception permits. At times we are enslaved
HE IS MIGHTY
BY MARK E. PETERSEN
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE
by our own ignorance, even as were Laman and Lemuel. It requires true knowledge to lift our
horizons and open our eyes.
Let us look at Laman and Lemuel for a moment. They had little interest in God and therefore
knew very little about him. They knew nothing of his great power. But they did know about
Jerusalem, for they lived there. They had seen some of the Jewish troops and knew of their armament.
But what was their armament which so frightened these two brothers?
It consisted of swords and daggers, spears and shields, and bows and arrows. There was also
some armor such as soldiers could wear as clothing to protect their bodies from the blows of
their enemies.
Because that was all Laman and Lemuel knew about armament, they feared it. Even one man
in battle array was frightening to them— one soldier with sword and shield or with bows and arrows
if he was one of the king's archers.
That soldier was awesome and fearful to behold in the eyes of Laman and Lemuel, and to
multiply him by fifty made a most formidable and frightening prospect for Nephi's brothers.
How could they face fifty such warriors? How could they stand before such power— such
mighty armament?
Indeed, our conception of things is truly dependent upon our knowledge. Our ignorance of
the facts can make us appear ridiculous in the extreme.
Suppose Laman and Lemuel had known about atom bombs and intercontinental missiles with
nuclear warheads. Wouldn't they have laughed at their fear of the bow-and-arrow-men of the Jews?
Would any of us who know about both bows and arrows and atom bombs be concerned about
fifty men such as Laban commanded? And why not? Because we know more about armament than
did Laman and Lemuel. We know about atom bombs— they only knew about swords and shields
and bows and arrows.
In their ignorance they thought Laban s bow-and-arrow men were more powerful than God.
Listen again to their words: "How is it possible that the Lord will deliver Laban into our hands?
Behold he is a mighty man, and he can command fifty, yea, even he can slay fifty; then why
not us?"
Now we may smile at Laman and Lemuel and say they certainly did not know much, and of
course they didn't. But how much like them are we? Is the atom bomb the ultimate weapon in
our minds? Does it represent the final achievement in knowledge and education pertaining to
war as bows and arrows did in the minds of Laman and Lemuel?
Do we discount God's power in the face of nuclear weapons as Laman and Lemuel did in the
face of bows and arrows? That leads us to ask another question:
Are we relatively as ignorant of the power of God in this nuclear age as Laman and Lemuel
were in their bow and arrow age? ( Continued on page 532 )
JULY 1962 519
I tArx rCJrv
£21
Mama had come into some money. It wasn't much—
certainly would have been very little judged by 1962's
inflated standards, but it made Mama feel lavishly
wealthy. So it was not unusual that she bought my
two older brothers blue serge suits with knee britches
and for me an over-ruffled peach georgette gown,
quite the fanciest dress that any seven-year-old girl
in my set had ever owned.
Thus togged out, we were told by Mama that she
was going to take us to the theater, a simply un-
heard-of pastime for children living in the country.
So, in a few days we were off to Salt Lake City to
the theatre for a matinee performance. As we traveled
in our touring car of the early 1920 vintage, Mama
told us her story of the Salt Lake Theatre. This fine
old landmark, the sign of culture in early Mormon
land, was about to be torn down.
Did we realize that Maude Adams had made her
debut at the age of seven months on the Salt Lake
Theatre stage? Maude Adams, we were told, went
on from seven months to become the foremost lady
in the theater of her time.
A MEMORY
Mama said that when she was being courted by
Dad, they used to go to the Salt Lake Theatre. She
was the envy of many of her friends because she had
a beau who would take her in her fine clothes to
the theatre.
And even before she was courting she had been
in the theatre. When she graduated from the Univer-
sity of Utah in 1902, her graduating class had marched
across the stage of this elegant building to receive their
diplomas. "It was a beautiful ceremony," she said.
"All the girls were in their long, stately gowns with
lace trains and plumed hats. Nearly every girl, too,
had a fellow who sent her some roses to carry."
When we arrived in Salt Lake City, we went
straight to the fine old building. I remember that
it was sort of yellow, with huge colonnades in the
front. The steps weren't actually marble, but we
felt as if they were— nearly like the marble steps that
could lead us straight to heaven as we went up to
the box office.
Mama had already written in for the tickets to
this— one of the last matinee performances. We were
to sit on "dress" row, the best seats in the house
because we would never again see a performance in
the Salt Lake Theatre.
Because Mama was with us, and because we were,
in spite of our rather (Continued on page 538)
BY MARY BOWRING
WITH
BY JAMES P. SHARP
A Story of the
Pony Express
It was early December 1888. Father opened the
sheep wagon door, threw out the dishwater, and
said, "Dick-Moon-Eye was right yesterday when he
told us we'd better go to our wickiup. Look at
it snow!"
I stopped wiping the tin dishes and looked out.'
Never had I seen a worse blizzard. "Pa, you said
the Pony Express riders rode day and night. What
would they do in a night like this?" I asked.
"Just ride on. The mail had to go through."
"But how could a rider see the crooked road to
Riverbed on a night like this?"
He remained quiet a few moments and then said,
"Some day Uncle (Uncle to everyone) Bill Streeper
will visit us. He rode both the Jackass Mail and the
Pony Express. When he comes, ask him, because
he can explain how they did it better than I can."
We were following the old Pony Express route
home after taking supplies to the men who were
caring for our sheep on the desert. Dad had been
along the route before, when the Pony Express had
been running, delivering poles for the Overland Tele-
graph line (1861). Since I knew some of the old
Pony riders and station keepers, I asked to go along.
We had stopped at Simpson Springs for the night.
Ed Meredith ran a trading post here which consisted
of an old rock stable where we put the horses, and
which had sheltered many a tired stage and pony
animal, and an old rock house which had been used
by the Overland Stage (1859-1869), the Pony Express
(1860-61), and the Overland Telegraph (1861-69).
The following May, Father and I were chopping
cedar wood for the kitchen stove when a man rode
up and told Father there had been an accident and
he was needed. He went to the stable, returned
with his horse, and then told me that Uncle Bill
Streeper was coming to visit us that day. He told
me what to do and then said, "Tell him I'll be back
before eleven o'clock, and you might as well keep on
chopping wood until he comes." They rode away.
My ax was tired, and I had sat down to let it rest,
when I saw a man ride up to the gate. Running out,
I asked, "Are you Uncle Bill?"
"That is what everyone calls me."
I led the way to the stable. I noticed he was a
small man and badly crippled. He leaned against
the door while I led his horse to the stream. Upon
returning, I pulled off the saddle and bridle, and
filled the manger with hay. Uncle Bill exclaimed,
"Never thought I'd see the day when I couldn't take
care of my horse, but the way I feel today I just
couldn't have done it. I appreciate what you've done,
and thank you very much."
He sat down on a large cedar alongside the wood-
pile and said, "Notice how stiff I am. Got this way
riding the Jackass Mail and the Pony Express. Ever
hear of the Jackass Mail?" I never had. "In '51
some men took a contract to deliver a monthly mail,
one trip each way, between Salt Lake and Sacramento.
It was 750 miles, and they were long ones. Usually
we had three men, and we rode horses, trailing from
six to ten mules laden with mail and a few that carried
our food and bedding, that's why it was called the
Jackass Mail. Often we would ride all day in a heavy
rain, and when night came we would be wet to the
skin. As our bedding would also be wet, we would
sit around a fire all night to keep warm, and that is
where I got my rheumatiz. We rode until summer of
'54 when the contract ran out— and I was glad, for
I sure was a cripple by then.
"I worked at almost everything until the spring
of '60 when I got me a job with the Pony Express.
That was a snap, for we had men to saddle our
horses and cook our food, and all we had to do was
to ride about seventy miles and then rest and
come back.
_
"Tell you what I'll do. Just take you along with
me while I take the run from Rush to Fish. The
Pony Express station at Rush Valley is down the
valley five miles from here. It was the first home
station seventy-five miles southwest from Salt Lake
and was where riders changed. A way station is
where we changed horses.
"From Rush west it was a night run, so about an
hour before time for the mail to arrive, old Doc
Faust, who was station keeper there, would rout me
and the hostler out. We ran on a schedule like a
train runs today, so we knew when he would be
there. That hostler had the horse all saddled and
bridled, and I would be ready, and here would come
the rider like a thousand mad Indians were after him.
Doc had four minutes to unlock the way pouch, pull
out the mail, sort it, and put it back and lock the
pouch. The hostler would throw it on the saddle,
and I would be on my way.
"Had to make ten miles per hour, so rode fast.
Would pick up the second horse at Lookout, third
at Simpson, fourth at Riverbed, fifth at Dugway,
sixth at Black Rock and would ride that one into
Fish Springs, the end of that run, for that was a
home station. That was a run of seventy -five miles,
and I had to make it in seven and a half hours. There
my meals were always ready and a nice dry bed
to sleep in till I had to> take the mail back. That
was a weekly mail, so I rested two or three days.
That was the life for me."
"Uncle Bill, did you ever ride down that crooked
road from Simpson to Riverbed on a dark night
when you were alone with your horse and a bad
blizzard was blowing?"
"Yes, many a time. Why?"
"Well, how could you see to follow that crooked
road when it was dark?"
He looked far away as if to find a suitable answer
then asked: "How old are you?"
"Almost eleven years."
"Possibly too young to understand, but remember,
and some day you will. On nights like that I never
rode alone. Would go along as sort of a helper.
Would come to a station, and I'd jump off, grab the
mochila, put it on the other saddle, and away we
would go. God always rode with me and that faith-
ful pony on nights like that. Never once did my aid
get lost or lead me astray. We always got to the
home station with the mail, and no matter who was
there looking or listening, the first thing I would do
would be to kneel down by my bunk and thank God
for protecting me and for guiding my horses so we
could bring the mail through safely."
"There, son, didn't I tell you that Uncle Bill could
explain it better than I could?"
We both looked up in amazement, for so interested
had I been in trying to hear every word he said, and
so intense had Uncle Bill been in telling the story so
I could understand it, that neither had heard Father
ride up, but there he was, sitting on his horse, on
the other side of the woodpile, not fifteen feet away.
Yes, Uncle Bill certainly knew how it was done.
NAVAJO LEGEND
BY ETHEL JACOBSON
Owl and Deer and Buffalo
Once spoke as the Dineh speak.
They spoke to each other in Navajo,
They spoke to man— long, long ago
When man and beast were meek.
When man and beast were gentle and kind,
And the land they roamed was blessed.
But man talked, too— he boasted, whined,
Gossiped, ranted, and maligned,
By hurtful words obsessed.
Then Buffalo and Owl and Deer
Knew mischief in the tongue.
They nevermore spoke where man might hear,
Who rattles words as he rattles a spear,
Forgetting that fairer, friendlier year
When an innocent world was young,
When Owl and Buffalo and Deer
Spoke in the Dineh tongue.
524
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
&$i^jmw§m
-
HOW TO LIVE RIGHTEOUSLY
. . .WITHOUT REALLY TRYING
'Take my yoke upon you . . . for . . . my burden is light:
MATTHEW lt:Z9-30
THE ERA
OF YOUTH *
PUTS A
FOCUS ON YOUTH
Here's looking at you . . .
Bringing into focus all the things
you are — telescoping the image of you
as typical of wonderful teens in cities
and countries the world over. For
you see, you are not the only one
who values the righteous life. There
are hundreds and hundreds of others
just like you who know that it's
good to be good and it's gay to
be good the LDS way. It's great to
be numbered among the many who
are learning more, serving better,
working hard, looking sharp, behav-
ing graciously, living clean, and being
moral no matter what.
Naturally there is comfort in this
kind of company.
Naturally there is safety and
strength in such numbers.
Obviously it's easy to live right-
eously without really trying when
you make a habit of it!
Turn the pages while we focus
on youth.
THE EDITORS
Marion D. Hanks
Elaine Cannon
♦The Era of Youth is found each
month in your Improvement Era.
-
A COMPLETE GUIDE
to living more happily - - without really trying
Focus on your future
Eternity is forever, and happiness there is worth
disciplining yourself for now.
Plot your Plans
Learn the requirements to meet your goals — and live
accordingly.
Follow the Master's Plan
It's all there. It's all for you. And it's for real.
Clue your Family
Tender loving interest works wonders both ways.
Do unto others as you'd have
others do unto you
So that's what popularity is all about? It figures!
Watch the advance notices
Even you'll have to cope with temptation, so keep
your eyes open, your answers ready, and your resolve
strong.
Repeat after me lOO times
Honesty IS the best policy. You'll see, in 100 different
ways.
Know thyself
And learn the importance of having integrity in all
your actions, all your thoughts, all your dealings with
your friends, with your God.
HOW TO BE
A LEADER
without really trying
To the boys
BY JOSEPH T. BENTLEY
GENERAL YMMIA SUPERINTENDENT
As we view the future and those who will furnish
the leadership for the future, one just must be
optimistic in view of the following factors :
1. The great increase in the number of young
men going on missions and in the amount of
missionary service generally.
2. In athletics, sports, and recreation, our young
men are constantly running faster and farther,
jumping higher, and generally excelling in all
physical attainments.
3. Our young men, not only in the Church but
in America generally, are constantly improv-
ing their educational attainments. With more
education comes more understanding.
4. The standard of living, generally, is con-
stantly increasing, giving more time for intel-
lectual and spiritual service.
5. More and more young men are realizing the
importance of looking and behaving accept-
ably. They are dressing more carefully, be-
coming more skilled in social graces, develop-
ing poise, public speaking ability, improving
their personality. They are learning that a
young man is never so masculine as when he
is helping someone less fortunate or being
a gentleman.
6. The Church generally is growing rapidly, not
only in membership but also in influence and
in dedication of its members. The percentage
total of young boys actively participating in
Church service has swelled considerably in
recent years.
Young people who will continue to force them-
selves to exceed in accomplishing more today than
yesterday and more tomorrow than today — who
will determine to contribute more than young
people in the past did, more than contemporaries
without the many advantages that they have in
the ranks of the Church — these young people will
realize their dreams of leadership in Church,
community, and country.
To the girls
BY FLORENCE S. JACOBSEN
GENERAL YWMIA PRESIDENT
A girl, a daughter, a sister, a young lady, a
bride, a mother, a woman, a grandmother — all of
womanhood, glorified — born to be something spe-
cial and to do something special with your life.
You have a special obligation in life — to be an
example to all the world in your high goals, ac-
tions, attitudes, and accomplishments.
You have a special assignment in life — to give
life fully — developing all possible talents, studying
diligently, gaining wisdom and knowledge.
You have a special place in life — to bring happi-
ness, laughter, and fun to those around you.
You have a special role in life — to be an efficient,
charming, wise wife and mother — a helpmeet
in honoring the priesthood of God. You have a
special mission in life — to be you — a Latter-day
Saint girl — happy, considerate, clean, modest,
honest, obedient.
You have a special place in life — to be a queen
in the kingdom of God.
You are special — you are you — a beautiful, be-
loved girl — a Latter-day Saint girl, the most
important girl in the world.
(Sister Jacobsen has 6 brothers, 3 sons, no daughters, and
\00 missionary sons. She admits that all she knows about
girls she has learned from boys.)
HOW TO BE
CONSTANT
AMIDST CHANGE]
without really trying
BY MARION D. HANKS
Change is a key word often used to describe our
times and the great challenges facing your
generation.
What kind of changes?
Job opportunities . . . are increasing in
number and kind. National Health Council is.
able to identify more than 150 careers in the field
of health. A recent manual listed approximately
fifty newly minted names of scientific specializa-
tions unheard of a few years ago, ranging from
astrobiodynamics to zymocrystallography.
Population . . . increasing in number and
mobility.
Nearly 20 percent of the civilian population
yearly change their place of residence in the
United States. This is similarly true in other
countries.
Cities reach out like the octopus and swallow
up what once was "country" area. Suburbia
expands and rolls on.
Transportation and communication . . . the
world is shrinking.
Fantastic advances in these fields bring even
the fetes of conquering the universe into our
front room.
Experience and relationships often undreamed
of in times past are now yours.
The many faces of entertainment and learning
are startling when compared with possibilities
of years past.
Yet with all of the change and the increasing
number of choices to be made, one wonderful
fact deserves special attention: Young members
of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
who choose to learn and live and serve and share
the gospel continue to grow wonderfully, to par-
ticipate and contribute, to excel in important
ways, to have sweet associations and wholesome
companionships, to enjoy firm friendships and
sensible courtship, to marry and live happily,
to find joy!
Kenya, England, America
A recent London Stake conference offered a
compelling example. Several young speakers
took part, one of them a lovely young woman
from Kenya who had joined the Church a few
months before while attending college in London.
Talented musically and in many other ways, she
has been very active in the Church. At Christ-
mas she returned to Kenya to explain her im-
portant decision to her beloved mother. Back in
London, she had lunch, on the day of her baptism,
with her uncle, a minister in another church.
When he had talked with Judy, this honorable
man advised her to go ahead and be baptized,
saying that he could see and sense in her that
she had found what she wanted and was happy.
Still the only member of her family in the Church,
she has and exudes the happiness and goodness
the gospel brings.
Another speaker was an American girl, mem-
ber of a building program missionary family liv-
ing in Epsom, England. She has become a
recognized leader among her associates, and is a
great missionary for the Lord. Her talk, like
Judy's, was thrilling and inspiring, and so were
those delivered by the wonderful British boy and
girl who followed. Each was a strong example
of the effectiveness of Church principles and
programs applied in the lives of youth. In the
congregation were many others who could have
done as well, and so are there among church youth
all over the world.
Troubles, Too Many
There are troubles among the young, true, too
frequent and often tragic troubles. Always they
come through failure on someone's part to under-
stand and live the principles of the gospel of
Jesus Christ. Unfavorable home circumstances,
poor adult example, unwise companionships,
temptations imposed by people who sell evil for
money, wrong choices — all of these contribute to
sin and sorrow among the young. All could be
avoided through the application of the principles
of the gospel.
The marvelous thing is the steadiness and
faithfulness of so many wonderful young peo-
ple. We love the constant examples we find among
you of initiative, self-reliance, responsibility,
thrift and frugality, thoughtfulness, service and
generosity.
We are grateful for your honesty and
integrity, your desire to know the truth;
for your sensitivity to beauty and ideal-
ism, your respect for the viewpoints of
others.
We love your loyalty, your love for country and
for truth, your willingness to serve and give ; the
courage you have to stand steady in the right.
We thank God for your faith, your forti-
tude, your future.
We know our Heavenly Father will help you
to choose well, to accept changes wisely, to get
right with him and your fellow men, to do good
and feel good. God bless you to be constant amid
the change!
HOW TO
HAVE FUN
AND STAY OUT
OF TROUBLE
without really trying
BY ELAINE CANNON
Take a group of LDS teens — or their like— turn
them loose in a kitchen, a play room, a camp or a
car, a garden, a cultural hall, or wherever teens
like to gather, and they can laugh, talk, sing,
play, and eat their way through an enviable time.
Fun without hard liquor?
"But, of course," comes the thundering reply.
And you prove the truth of this statement all
the time.
When the right people get together for the
right reason in the right place, in the right way
and at the right time, the right kind of memories
are in the making. Anything less than this can
lead to mischief which can lead to trouble which
can lead to heartbreak for you, your friends, your
ever-loving family.
The smartest teens in any town know that you
don't have to choose between good times and
good memories. The two are practically inter-
dependent. By taking a long range view of life ;
bringing the whole of it into focus, one has to
admit that a good time is enjoyed only when the
emphasis is on "good." A disturbed conscience
following activity of a questionable nature never
brought happiness or pleasure to anyone.
mm
HOW TO
LOOK THE PART
without really trying
"Seeing is believing," an old adage reminds, and
when the focus is on you, what do people believe?
That you are somebody special and sharp, with
pride and self-discipline, you hope !
To look the part of an exemplary LDS teen
without really trying (and anyone with any sense
really wants to!) is simply a matter of latching
onto the right routine and developing the proper
attitude about self and life. You remember that
your body is your temple, sacred in the sight of
Heavenly Father and consequently should be
exceedingly sacred to you. Surely then you pro-
ceed on the basis that it's wise to avoid doing
anything in dress or grooming that makes you
appear ridiculous, grotesque, or beneath your
dignity as a child of God.
You follow all the rules of personal cleanliness,
good health, and careful grooming consistently.
You accept the word (and abide by it) of authori-
ties in their fields that proper foods, rest,
exercise, and abstinence from damaging practices
(remember the Word of Wisdom?) are an abso-
lute must for healthy, good-looking bodies.
You choose your clothes with an eye to
improving on nature rather than simply cloaking
it. You neither trail way behind current trends
nor race way ahead of them.
Church standards and the best dictates of
fashion are completely compatible. Explore the
possibilities of fashion by studying magazines,
shop windows, and well-dressed people. You'll
soon learn that it's entirely possible to be an
up-to-the-minute dresser and still be keeping
Church standards all the way. Remember that
anything too tight, too revealing, too baggy or
sloppy, too gaudy, too unusual, or which in any
way attracts unfavorable attention you'll rule
out of your wardrobe. It isn't a matter of
quibbling over sleeve lengths and hemlines and
trade names. It's a matter of good taste (which
can be acquired) and good fit (which can be
achieved) and appropriateness (which should
never be underestimated) .
For instance, slacks (on a boy or a girl) that
snuggle the body from ankle to waist, though
they cover the flesh, can be more offensive than
well-tailored togs which reveal the knee. A long-
sleeved dress or blouse can still be objectionable
if it is too tight or so sheer as to reveal under-
clothing.
Clothing suitable for dances or dressy date
affairs surely isn't suitable for the worshipful
mood of Church. Sportswear designed for cer-
tain freedoms on the court or beach or pool is
highly distasteful when worn outside its element.
To cook or cavort, to sightsee or shop, to study
or socialize in brief, wet, cumbersome, or smelly
clothing of the sports world indicates a lack of
personal pride on the part of the wearer.
Part of the charm of fashion is its variety
places — a time and place for everything philos-
ophy which proves endearing to the dresser. But
even the world's fashion experts are the first to
admit that there are good and bad elements, fine
and poor interpretations of any style trend. The
trite phrase "Everybody's wearing it or every-
body's doing it" should never be a deciding factor
in one's appearance or behavior patterns.
It's easy to look the part without really trying
. . . you simply wouldn't be caught doing anything
less than the best. It matters that much to you.
Teens on this page: Gary Van Tussenbroek, Barbara Robert Millet. Photographs taken at Pioneer Village, Salt
Badger, Carolyn Furner, Jim Backman, Ann Williams, and Lake City, by Max Rook.
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. . .SUNDAY
HOW TO INCREASE
YOUR KNOWLEDGE
OF THE GOSPEL
without really trying
BY ARTHUR S. ANDERSON
Attend your meetings regularly; participate in
church activities enthusiastically ; pay close atten-
tion to what is done, taught, preached, discussed ;
spend some time on your own reading the
scriptures and other worthwhile materials on the
gospel truths ; mingle with people who know more
about the Church than you do.
That's how.
Since LDS youth are famous for doing all of
those things listed above, increasing their knowl-
edge of the gospel isn't really a problem. Remem-
bering what they've learned, may well be. Leading
psychologists tell us that forgetting is one of the
easiest things we do.
Psychologist H. Ebbinghaus* conducted some
studies on memory several years ago in which
he found that over a six-day period the persons
tested forgot 75 percent of that which they had
committed to memory at the beginning of the
period. If this is typical, we can expect that by
Saturday night of any week we will have forgotten
75 percent of the new things we learned in church
the previous Sunday. If we stay away for two
or three weeks or longer, we can expect that our
reservoir of gospel knowledge will soon become
depleted.
On the other hand, each time we renew our
learning of a given set of facts, this information
remains with us for a longer and longer period.
This continues until we reach a stage called "over-
learning," when an impression has become so
deeply engraved on our minds that we are able
to recall it at any time without assistance. The
ability of most people to recite the complete alpha-
bet without prompting, is a simple example of
over-learning.
To remember the truths of the gospel, then,
you should review them often by reading the
scriptures, attending Sacrament meeting, priest-
hood meeting, Sunday School, seminary, and MIA
and by praying for the treasures of the knowl-
edge the Lord has promised to the obedient.
*H. Ebbinghaus, "Memory, a Contribution to Experimental Psychol-
ogy"—translated by Ruger and Russenius, Teachers' College, Columbia
University Education Reprints, No. 3.
Denise Stone, 13, San Jose Fourth Ward, San Jose
(Calif.) Stake , . . two year member of Junior
high school student council . . . speech festival
winner .. . . pom-pom girl . . . Honor Society . , ,
constitution committee . . . Honor Bee. ...
Lana Hill, Saratoga (Wyoming) Branch, West
Central States Mission . . . high school newspaper
editor, literary magazine co-editor, yearbook lay-
out editor . . . cheerleader . . . awarded Girls' State
scholarship . . . winner of "Youth Pilgrimage to
the UN" contest and trip to New York City . . .
YWMIA secretary and music director.
Kenneth Sorensen, 17, American Fork First
Ward, Alpine (Utah) Stake . . . basketball team
. . . since the age of three, a perfect attendance
record in Sunday School and Sacrament meet-
ing . . . six 100 percent attendance individual
awards.
Heidi McKenzie, Kirtland Ward, Seattle (Wash.)
Stake . . . first place winner in Washington state
high school oratory contest, senior division . . .
oration entitled, "This Is the Place" . . .Sunday
School chorister . . V. lead in school variety show
... plans for BYU.
David Arthur Krelle, Norwalk Second Ward, Nor-
walk (Calif.) Stake . . . straight A student . . .
winner of National Science Foundation research
grant . . . high school football and tennis letter-
man . . . delegate to Association of Student
Councils convention . . . Duty to God . . .Sunday
Schoolteacher....
4
Claudia Veteto, Eugene Second Ward, Willamette
(Ore.) Stake . . . named "Most Valuable Girl
Student" at North Eugene High . . . student
council . . . National Honor Society . . . orchestra
. . .senior class treasurer . . .stake Laurel presi-
dent . .... serves as organist for junior Sunday
School, MIA, Youth Choir . . . five individual
awards.
4
Ina Van Aalst, Thirty-ninth Ward, South Ogden
(Utah) Stake , . . P-TA special recognition award
. . . Pep Club . . . Courtesy Guild . . .born in Hol-
land ... seminary graduate . . .seven individual
awards, six with 100 percent seals . . .plans bac-
teriology major at BYU.
Raymond Lowry, Jr., Santa Cruz Ward, Monterey
Bay (Calif.) Stake . . . student-body president at
Santa Cruz High School . . . Boys' Honor Society
. . , a cappella choir . . . league heavyweight
wrestling champion . . . American Field Service
foreign exchange student. . . .
Wynn Bowman, Idaho Falls Twelfth Ward, South
Idaho Falls (Idaho) Stake ... Key Club prexy
. . . delegate to national Key Club convention,
Philadelphia ... lead in "Brigadoon," in which he
did his own dance choreography. . . .
Marti Ann Plocher, a Laurel in the Fairfield
Ward, Napa (Calif .) Stake .. . . school's grand
prize winner for Science Fair display, "Radio-
activity in Milk" . . . studentbody vice president.
4
Barbara Elaine Vandiver, 17, Rolla Branch, St.
Louis (Missouri) Stake . . . awarded largest
scholarship in school's history — $4,000 to U. of
Missouri . . . Junior Classical League Latin award
. . . Laurel with 100 percent attendance record.
Margot Walker, El Centro Ward, Yuma (Calif.)
Stake . . . De Anza District "Teen- Age Miss,"
sponsored by Junior Women's Club . . . co-editor
of yearbook. . . .
HOW TO
BE GOOD
AND GOOD FOR
SOMETHING
without really trying
BY REED BLAKE
Being good isn't enough — be good for something.
It is the need of today's world. On these pages,
you've had a look at some of today's LDS teens,
and weren't you proud of them? They've taken a
small word, ideals, and made it work for them by
developing their talents and living the gospel,
and as a result they are popular, successful, and
happy. In the eyes of the world (and that means
in the eyes of your friends, too), you stand for
something — so stand for it. Act it ; talk it ; think
it. The world will love you for it; you will
love yourself.
HOW TO BE
BETTER THAN EVER
by trying a little harder
BY MARK E. PETERSEN
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE
The Lord gave us the great secret, the thrilling
promise of eternal joy when he commanded that
we become like him.
"Be ye therefore perfect," is the challenge we
should accept to know real joy now and in eternity.
But can we achieve such as this in mortal life?
Not only can we approach it, but we must do
so if we are to have real happiness. We do not
need to suppose that this is something that must
await the eternities. There are many things in
which we can be perfect here and now.
A certain degree of perfection is attainable in
mortality. I believe that we can be 100 percent
perfect, for instance, in abstaining from the use
of tea and coffee. We can become 100 percent
perfect in abstaining from liquor and tobacco.
We can become 100 percent perfect in paying a
full and honest tithing. We can be 100 percent
perfect in abstaining from eating two meals on
fast day and giving to the bishop as fast offering,
the value of those two meals from which we
abstain.
We can be 100 percent perfect in keeping the
commandment which says that we shall not pro-
fane the name of God.
We can be perfect in keeping the commandment
which says, "Thou shalt not commit adultery."
We can be perfect in keeping the command-
ment which says, "Thou shalt not steal."
We can be 100 percent perfect in keeping the
commandment which says, "Thou shalt not kill."
We can become perfect in keeping various other
of the commandments that the Lord has given us.
As we do so, we shall build into ourselves Christ-
like traits of character which will help us to
become like him in this life. Think of the joy
and the peace that can come to any individual
who is thus keeping the commandments of God.
THOUGHTS FOR YOUR INSPIRATIONAL TALK
wi The Glory of God
"I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.'' — Moses to the Lord.
(EXODUS 33:18.)
mm vm. mm tm: mm mi mmt mm wm
The following is a part of the 19th Psalm,
with the refrain added,— "The Glory of God
is Intelligence."
The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul:
The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise
the simple,
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
The heavens declare the glory of God;
And the firmament sheweth hishandiwork-
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
The statues of the Lord are right, rejoicing the
heart,
The commandment of the Lord is pure, enlight-
ening the eyes—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
Day unto day uttereth speech,
And night unto night sheweth knowledge,-
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring forever;
The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous
altogether—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
There is no speech nor language
Where their voice is not heard—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
More are they to be desired than gold, yea, than
much fine gold;
Sweeter also than honey and the honey comb—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
Their line is gone out through all the earth,
And their words to the end of the world—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence!
Moreover by them is thy servant warned;
And in keeping of them there is great reward—
For the Glory of God is Intelligence— Amen!
— Brigham H. Roberts.
Improvement Era, Part I, Vol. 23, p. 261
JULY 1962
525
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V
THOSE WHO STAYED
BY QUIN COLE
How vivid my memory becomes as I recall that windy spring morning
in 1937 when Papa told me that we would have to move from our
home near Arrowhead, Oklahoma. Papa beckoned me to join him
at the water tank just as I finished my early morning chores and was
about to leave for school.
"See that, Nan?" he questioned tearfully as he pointed to the
muddy stream of water gushing from the spout of the pump at
irregular intervals.
Standing at his side, I pondered, "Looks like it's going to pump
dry any time, doesn't it, Papa?"
"Yes, Nan," he answered sorrowfully, "and only the Lord knows
what our poor stock will do tomorrow." His deep-set brown eyes
were filled with remorse as he looked up and watched the windmill
blades and tail being turned wildly to and fro by the gusty wind.
"That's about all this wind is fit feri" he said decisively. Papa was
a tall thin man, only thirty-two years old, aging prematurely from
the stress and strain of the four-year drouth. He often confided in
me at a time like this, just as if I were a boy. My older brother had
passed away in the summer of 1935, and I was forever trying to take
his place. We sat down together on the concrete base of the well,
and Papa slumped tiredly.
With deep concern for Papa and the grave situation, I resolved,
"Here's an idea— I can miss school today, take the team and wagon
over to Sim's Ranch and haul barrels of water from there!"
VJ£X
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OTA
Papa interrupted my mode of thinking as he ex-
plained, "It isn't likely that rain will be in our nick
of the woods for quite a spell, and it's impossible
for you to haul enough water for our large herd."
His voice quivered when he continued, "I've spent
all that we had saved on hay and grain for the herd—
and the Milltown Bank prob'ly won't back me in hiring
a rig to drill a deeper well." Pausing briefly, "Nan—
for the first time in my life, I'm admitting defeat, and
it hurts my very soul!"
"I understand, Papa," I cried out after studying
his expression. Fear began to mount up in my heart,
and I wasn't very surprised when he made the long-
dreaded announcement.
"I hope so, Child, 'cause I'm gonna have to ask yah
to go pick up yer books at school, and tell Miss Beth
that we're movin' out right away." Handing me an
earthen jug, he continued, "Bring back some drinking
water from the school's well, if it isn't dry!"
I stood up and attempted to control my emotions
while I asked, "Have you told Mama yet?"
"Yes, dear," Papa spoke tenderly, "we've been pray-
ing several days for an answer, and it just looks like
Providence means for us to move on outta' here— yer
Mama's asthma keeps gettin' worse and ya know how
hard this choking dust is on her."
Nodding with understanding, I asked abruptly,
"Where'll we be going, Papa,— will we sell out, who
would even want to buy this place?"
"Now don't be worryin' none about it, youngen'—
Jess Chisolm was by here early this morning. He
said that he might take our herd along with his
and ship 'em up north to his other ranch where the
grazing is good. Price will be going up one of these
days, and we'll split the profit with him. And as for
us, we'll probably be joinin' yer Uncle Ken in Arizona,
'cause there's plenty of farm labor out there." Paus-
ing thoughtfully, he explained, "We gotta' get that
car fixed up a mite, so it'll make the trip." He arose
and asked me to hurry along so that I could get back
and help Mama pack our belongings.
Turning away from Papa, I ran down the hot
dusty road, and I'm certain that I cried throughout
the entire distance of the one-and-one-half miles
to school.
Miss Beth was standing on the front steps of the
lone, white frame building when I arrived. She
suddenly stopped clanging the old brass bell when I
took my place in line behind the other children and
gazed at me with a stunned expression. How pitiful
I must have looked with my long, stringy blonde locks
intensifying my tear-and-sand-spattered face!
After we marched to our seats in the classroom,
Miss Beth asked me to come up front to her desk
and give an explanation.
I just couldn't face her! We children all thought
that she was the prettiest, sweetest teacher in the
whole wide world— oh, how could I just suddenly tell
her that we had to move away? Finally, I ran to her
side and buried my face on her shoulder for a few
moments. She lifted my head and tenderly cleaned
my grimy face with a soft, perfumed handkerchief
while trying to comfort me. "What is wrong, Nan?
This isn't like you at all!"
Between sobs (and nose blowing) I tearfully ex-
plained, "Papa said for me to pick up my books,
'cause the well is goin' dry, so we're moving out."
Miss Beth smiled encouragingly, "Nan, I know it's
hard on your folks to stand by and see all these things
happening. If they will just have faith, God will
send rain soon."
Her farewell kiss and kind words made the journey
home a little easier. When I reached our fence line,
which was piled high with tumble weeds and thistles,
I began to reminisce. Grandpa Tate homesteaded
this once prosperous one hundred and sixty acres dur-
ing the land run of 1889. It was a blessing that he
didn't live to witness the "dustbowl" era.
"Dear Lord, not for me— but for my folks and
friends, please send rain!" My words seemed to be
muffled by the raging wind.
"I'm back, Mama!" I called when I entered the
kitchen and placed the jug of water and book satchel
on the washstand.
Mama returned, "In here, Nan. I'm glad you hur-
ried because I can surely use some help in packing
this chinaware." She looked lovingly at her few
keepsakes, and I detected that she felt little enthusi-
asm in packing them away for the first time since
she and Papa married. "Busy hands make happy
minds!" Mama contended, so I began to pack china-
ware in tissue. I watched her reflection in the glass
panel of the china cabinet and wondered if I would
some day be as beautiful as she. Small in stature, a
dainty and fair, childlike face encircled with blonde
wavy tresses, gave her an angelic appearance.
Suddenly, we heard the car motor running, and we
rejoiced when we realized it was fixed at last! Papa
came bursting into the house, followed by two neatly
dressed young men. "Mary, Mary!" he shouted to
mother, "they fixed our car!"
Papa introduced the men as Elder Bennett and
Elder King, missionaries from California. "Why on
earth did you fellows leave a beautiful place like
California and come to this God-forsaken land?"
Mama asked boldly.
Elder Bennett, the tall dark one, replied, "Forgive
me if I sound blunt, Mrs. Tate, but God has not
forsaken the people in Oklahoma. My knowledge
of agriculture prompts me to say that the people
528
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
have forsaken proper methods of crop rotation and
soil preservation." He went on to explain how his
forefathers had irrigated and built up the desert
wastelands into bountiful farming areas.
Papa listened intently, and he seemed unusually
happy. "Well, if I ever have another chance, you
can bet your life 111 try those methods!" he affirmed.
We all sat down together, and Elder Bennett told
us the gospel message they had been called to deliver.
How wonderful it was to hear their soul-stirring
words! We hungered for such knowledge since our
local minister had moved away three years prior.
They left shortly after lunch in order to arrange
for a Sunday meeting at the schoolhouse. We prom-
ised to be there.
The following Sunday proved to be a day that was
to change our future completely. Dark thunder-laden
clouds gathered in the western horizon, and we
watched them grow heavier while lightning progressed.
While driving us to the meeting, Papa sang and
chatted gaily. Nearly all of our neighbors were there,
including Miss Beth, and I noted the happiness and
hope shining within.
Elder Bennett delivered a most inspirational sermon.
He paused reverently and said, "Let us pray together-
God has sent rain. Your faith and prayers have
been answered."
With childish curiosity I looked about me in the
crowded schoolroom at the tearful but happy faces.
Papa, who was seldom emotional, embraced my
mother and wept like a child. I saw other ruddy-
faced farmers, ranchers and their families do likewise,
so I cried unashamedly. The atmosphere within the
room provided an unforgettable spiritual experience
for each of us as we joined the missionaries in singing
the closing song, "Battle Hymn of the Republic."
Elder King, the smaller of the two missionaries,
arose to deliver the closing prayer, and I noted the
light in his kindly blue eyes. He was gifted with
a deep and powerful voice, and only God could have
inspired him to offer such a beautiful prayer.
Following the services, we all rushed toward the
front door to view the rainfall. The shower progressed,
and it was nearly two hours before anyone dared
leave for home. However, very little time was wasted
because the missionaries conducted an open discus-
sion. Their answers to our many problems and
questions were indeed wise and enlightening, and
I'm sure the treasures of truth stored that evening
were more valuable to many of those present than
the gift of rain. Our minds were thirsty for the gospel
truths offered by the young men, and when we finally
prepared to leave, Papa and all of us thanked the
missionaries for coming and asked them to hold
another meeting. A new chapter in the lives of many
began that evening, and truth and knowledge began
to heal the minds of a backward people.
This event took place twenty-five years ago, and
miracles have not ceased.
Recently, when I drove down the main highway
through Arrowhead, attractive, comfortable homes and
buildings surrounded by rich green fields met my
gaze. How good it felt to be back in my childhood
community! My heart quickened when I neared
Town Square to see the small but impressive Latter-
day Saint chapel. Mama had written to me about its
completion a few days prior, and now I was seeing
it for the first time. A prayer of thanks to our Heav-
enly Father was given when I entered the foyer, for
I felt his closeness again.
After driving on to the old homestead where Mama
and Papa still lived, we talked about old times and
shared many fond memories.
"How does it feel to be the new branch president?"
I asked Papa.
"Well, Nan," he answered thoughtfully, "it makes
me feel overly blessed— and thankful that we were
among those who stayed!"
TESTIMONY OF THE TOWNS
BY IRIS W. SCHOW
The little Utah towns with manly names,
Our Hyrum, Snowville, Heber, Grantsville, all
Evoke kind faces, photographed in minds,
And give youth dreams of stature, hero-tall.
At Lehi, Nephi, Manti, Bountiful,
In little schools where growing minds are fed,
Conviction is asserted in a word
Inscribed with care at every lessons head.
In Brigham and Moroni are proclaimed
On corner signs, names which the youth will dare
Proclaim one day at corners of the street,
Gems, proffered humbly for the world to share.
These names our forebears chose were lamps of faith
For sons and passersby to see and heed;
Time has but set them glowing neon-bright,
Brave standards, raised for all who pass to read.
JULY 1962
529
The Book of Mormon, Why
CONDUCTED
BY THE
UNIFIED
CHURCH
SCHOOL
SYSTEM
:i
The year 1961 saw tremendous emphasis
placed upon the Book of Mormon, with
the Melchizedek Priesthood course of
study being centered on this sacred scrip-
ture. The objective was for everyone in
the various quorums to read it. In con-
tinuation of this emphasis the 1962 course
of study is a topical study of the Book of
Mormon. The Church board of education
also announced that certain courses on the
Book of Mormon are now required for
graduation from both the seminary and
the institute of religion and are the first
courses to be taken on both levels of
learning.
Why this emphasis? It is because of the
importance of the Book of Mormon in the
theology of the Church. Joseph Smith
stated, "... I told the breth-
ren that the Book of Mormon
was the most correct of any
book on earth, and the key-
stone of our religion, and a
man would get nearer to God
by abiding by its precepts,
than by any other book."
(VHC IV, 461.)
The Book of Mormon contains two things
as declared by the Lord to Joseph Smith:
". . . a record of a fallen people, and the
fulness of the gospel of Jesus Christ to
the Gentiles and to the Jews also"; ( D & C
20:9.) The record of the fallen people is
only incidental to that of the fulness of
the gospel of Jesus Christ. To teach only
the history of the people is neglecting the
major importance of the book. Moroni,
when engraving the title page, stated the
purpose of the book was to convince
"Jew and Gentile that Jesus is the Christ,
the Eternal God, manifesting himself unto
all nations." Nephi was also shown by
an angel that this record was to come forth
among the Gentiles to ". . . make known
to all kindreds, tongues, and people, that the Lamb
of God is the Son of the Eternal Father, and the Savior
of the world; and that all men must come unto him,
or they cannot be saved." (1 Nephi 13:40.) Thus it
is evident that emphasis in teaching the Book of
Mormon should be on Jesus Christ and the fulness of
his gospel, not just a course in early American history.
The Lord also revealed to Joseph Smith that the
book ". . . was given by inspiration, and is confirmed
to others by the ministering of angels, and is declared
unto the world by them-" (D&C 20:10.) These
others who gave their confirmation proclaimed that
the voice of God declared unto them that the work
was translated by "the gift and power of God" and,
therefore, knew it to be true. ( See Testimony of the
Three Witnesses in the Book of Mormon preface.)
The Lord also declared to Joseph Smith that one
of the purposes of the Book of Mormon is to prove
"to the world that the holy scriptures are true." ( D&C
20:11.) Further, the angel that showed Nephi the
vision of these records as they would be had in this
day also declared that they would be used , ". . . unto
the convincing of the Gentiles and the remnant of the
seed of my brethren, and also the Jews who were
scattered upon all the face of the earth, that the
records of the prophets and of the twelve apostles
of the Lamb are true." And that they ". . . shall
establish the truth of the first, which are of the twelve
apostles of the Lamb, and shall make known the
plain and precious things which have been taken
away from them;" (1 Nephi 13:39-40.) Likewise,
long before this time, Joseph who was sold into Egypt
received a promise of the Lord that a choice seer
would be raised up to bring forth the words of his
seed unto later generations of the seed of his loins
for the purpose of "convincing them of my word
[the Bible] which shall already have gone forth
among them." (See 2 Nephi 3:3-11.)
Thus, it is to be noted that not only is the Book of
Mormon a second witness for Christ but also a second
witness for the Bible. In a day when- Bible criticism
is questioning the authenticity and authorship of the
various teachings and writings of the Bible, the
Church has the Book of Mormon as a measuring
i
1
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
9
BY MONTE S. NYMAN
DIRECTOR, EDMONTON INSTITUTE OF RELIGION
stick. Latter-day Saints, particularly teachers, need
to be familiar with the work of the Bible critics but,
first of all, they should see what the Book of Mormon
has to say concerning the criticism. As a case in
point, who was the author of the book of Revelation?.
A vast number of scholars today are of the opinion
that an elder named John wrote the book and not
John the Apostle. Says one: "A Christian prophet
by the name of John once found himself stranded on
a lonely, barren island called Patmos, in the Aegean
Sea. According to later tradition, he had been ban-
ished as a political prisoner. In the book called
Revelation, which he wrote during his stay on
Patmos, . . "1
What does the Book of Mormon say concerning it?
During Nephi's visions on the high mountain he was
shown that the Apostle John was the actual author of
the book. (See 1 Nephi 14:19-25.)
The authorship of the book of Isaiah has been ques-
tioned as well as that of the five books of Moses.
Nephi, Jacob, Abinadi, and the Savior himself quote
freely from Isaiah without equivocation. ( See 1 Nephi
20, 21; 2 Nephi 12-24; Mosiah 14; 3 Nephi 20, 22.)
Nephi says his father Lehi found that the brass plates
contained the five books of Moses, and Nephi read
many things unto his brethren from them. On the
same occasion he refers to a prophecy in the eighteenth
chapter of Deuteronomy which indicates he was
referring to the book of Moses as the five books of
Moses. In both instances the Book of Mormon sup-
ports their authorship.
Concerning the literal extent to which the scrip-
tures should be interpreted, it should be kept in mind
that God said the Book of Mormon record was trans-
lated correctly. If the Book of Mormon gives an
account of a biblical incident, it is a reasurrance that
it actually occurred. For instance, the miracles which
were performed by Moses as he led the children of
Israel out of Egypt are today explained away by
various means. Nephi, in chastising his brothers for
complaining against him when he was about to build
a ship, recounts the travels of the children of Israel
toward Clark Kee and Franklin W. Young, (Prentice-Hall, Inc.:
Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1957) p. 335.
and mentions many of the miracles which were per-
formed. (See 1 Nephi 17:23-32.) Again the Book
of Mormon comes to the rescue of the holy scriptures
in proving they are true.
Another purpose of the Book of Mormon, as de-
clared to Joseph Smith, is that it shows to the world
that ". . . God does inspire men and call them to his
holy work in this age and generation, as well as in
generations of old;
"Thereby showing that he is the same God yester-
day, today, and forever. . . ." (D&C 20:11-12.)
Through the translation of the Book of Mormon, such
a testimony is before the world.
Doctrinally, the Book of Mormon supports the
Bible also. The 20th section of the Doctrine and
Covenants outlines some of the teachings of the
Nephite scripture which the "special witnesses" heard
"the glorious Majesty on high" declare to be true:
1. There is a God infinite and eternal. Verse 17.
2. He created man after his own image. Verse 18.
3. Man transgressed his commandments and became
fallen man. Verses 19-20.
4. God gave his Only Begotten Son to overcome
the fall. Verses 21-24.
5. Through baptism and enduring in faith to the
end, man has had an opportunity even from the
beginning of being saved.
Much could be given to support each of these
doctrines from the Book of Mormon, but space does
not permit it. Suffice it to say that many of these
basic tenets have disappeared or are disappearing
from the various churches of the world. The Book of
Mormon, however, avers them to be true without
providing the least medium for equivocation. As
Elder Harold B. Lee pointed out during the 1960
summer school at Brigham Young University to the
seminary and institute personnel, the Book of Mor-
mon, along with the Doctrine and Covenants, should
be the measuring stick for all teaching in the Church.
In studying and teaching the Book of Mormon,
there is one more concept we should always keep
in mind. Nephi said, "... I did liken all scripture
unto us, that it might be for our profit and learning."
(1 Nephi 19:23.) He (Continued on page 538)
JULY 1962
531
He Is Mighty
(Continued from page 519)
Is God's true power as little known
to us now as it was to Laman and
Lemuel in their day?
If we reject God and his counsel
in our day, are we any different
from Laman and Lemuel as they
rejected God in their day?
Some among us, thinking we have
reached the ultimate in knowledge
and regarding this as such a great
day of enlightenment, reject reli-
gion as an outmoded superstition
and accept the so-called wisdom of
man instead. Laman and Lemuel did
the same.
Some today think certain scienti-
fic theories have made belief in God
untenable in this day of knowledge.
Laman and Lemuel were no differ-
ent.
THE
SPOKEN
WORD
. . . the search for unearned
pleasures . ..."
RICHARD L. EVANS
Last week we cited some sentences on The Quest
for Unearned Happiness in which David Starr
Jordan said: "The primal motive of most forms of
sin is the desire to make a short cut to happiness.
Temptation promises pleasure without the effort
of earning it. [But] this promise has never been fulfilled. . . Z'1
In some further sentences, he suggests some of the supposed short
cuts, including indolence, which "would secure the pleasures of
rest without the effort that justifies [it] . . . ; gambling, [with] the
desire to get money without earning it ... ; [But] more insidious,"
he said, "is the search for the unearned pleasures of love, without
love's duties, or love's responsibilities. . . . Just as honest love is
the most powerful influence for good that can enter into a man's
life, so is love's counterfeit the most disintegrating. . . . There is
real meaning behind each of society's conventionalities. . . . The
man who tries to lead a double life is either a neurotic freak or
the prince of fools. . . . That society is so severe in its condemnation
of the double life is an expression of the bitterness of its own
experience. . . . The equal marriage demands equal purity of
heart and equal chastity of intention. . . . 'Even the angels,'
Emerson says, 'must respect the proprieties.' [And] the basis of the
proprieties ... is that no man should shrink from the cost of what
he desires. ... To [partake] ... of love, in pure selfishness, without
an atom of altruistic responsibility is . . . to poison . . . life. . . . The
strongest forces of human life are not subjects for idle play. The
real heart and soul of a man are measured by the truth he shows
to woman."1 ". . . The one great truth . . ." said another forthright
source, "is the truth that what a man sows that shall he also
reap. ... No [one] can touch sin without defilement . . . what-
ever . . . the philosophic point of view. . . . [For every one] there
is still the ultimate choice between purity and impurity, between
truth and falsehood, between life and death."2 "So long as a man
is alive and free, he will, in one way or another, seek that which
gives him pleasure"1— happiness— but it does not, can not, come
unearned, and the seeming short cuts are simply not what
they seem.
xDavid Starr Jordan, The Quest for Unearned Happiness.
2Editorial, The Outlook, April 8, 1905.
"The Spoken Word," from Temple Square presented over KSL and the
Columbia Broadcasting System, April 1, 1962. Copyright 1962.
Some today accept the theories
of men as being facts and reject the
wealth of established truths pertain-
ing to God because these theorizing
men seem closer to us— they can see
them and hear them and be con-
fused by them.
Like Laman and Lemuel, some to-
day allow this limited knowledge to
blind them. Laman and Lemuel
were so close to their bows and
arrows that they could not have rec-
ognized an atom bomb were one
placed before them. We are so close
to our missiles and rockets and our
trips into space that some of us
also fail to- see the higher power.
During the last fifty years many
have lost faith in God because they
have been impressed by the pseudo-
scientific theories of certain men.
They have stood in awe of these
men and their alleged knowledge as
Laman and Lemuel stood in awe of
Laban and his fifty bow-and-arrow
men, and without any more reason!
How refreshing it is that earnest
scholars and researchers now come
forth with what they are pleased to
call the new knowledge. And what
does this new knowledge teach?
It tells us that the wisdom of man
is as foolishness compared to the
revelations of God. It tells us that
lack of information in the last gene-
ration mistakenly led many into
atheism and that the new knowledge
leads us back to God.
Said Dr. James W. Barker, presi-
dent and chairman of the Research
Corporation of America, former dean
of the engineering school at Colum-
bia University: "Scientists of the
nineteenth century were misled by
certain of their observations and as a
result came to conclusions which
were atheistic.
"But now, even the most prag-
matic materialist, in the face of
present day scientific knowledge, is
led to the inevitable conclusion that
the heavens declare the glory of God
and the firmament showeth his
handiwork.
"As the children of Israel fore-
swore the worship of the golden
calf and returned to the faith of
Jehovah, so we have foresworn the
crass mechanistic materialism and
returned to that faith in God of
which the Psalmist of old sang: The
Earth is the Lord's and all that
therein is." ■
Dr. Arthur H. Compton, Nobel
Prize winner, writing in the Los
532
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
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JULY 1962
533
Angeles Times said: "Where there is
plan there is intelligence. An orderly
unfolding universe testifies to the
truth of the most majestic statement
ever uttered: In the beginning-
God."
Said Dr. Robert A. Millikan in
Scribners Magazine under the title
Alleged Sins of Science: "Nothing
could be more antagonistic to the
whole spirit of science than atheism.
It seems to me that anyone who re-
flects at all believes in God."
At another time this same great
scholar said: "I think you will un-
derstand me when I say that I have
never known a thinking man who
did not believe in God."
Said Dr. Albert Einstein a short
time before his death: "The harmony
of natural law reveals an intelligence
of such superiority that, compared
"What have we got to lose?
*>r>
THE
SPOKEN
WORD
RICHARD L. EVANS
Often we hear people discuss the odds on certain
prospects or proposals— the chances of winning or
losing— of success or failure in many matters. And
sometimes we hear quite casually the question,
"What have we got to lose?" There are many
hazards, many chances, many so-called calculated risks. But the
hazards, the risks can be reduced by the sincere resolve not to
take dishonest or unethical or illegal chances, not to run against the
law, the commandments, the rules of health, the rules of safety,
or the time-proved principles. Arthur Brisbane said: "Life is a
short walk along a narrow thread . . . beginning and ending in a
mysterious unknown. . . . Life is short as we see it, but in reality . . .
never ends— and, long or short, it is all that we have."1 Life is all
we have, here or hereafter. And since this is so, no one wisely
would take chances on matters of morals, of honesty, or matters
contrary to a quiet conscience. As to lawlessness, or any evil action,
even if we don't get caught by someone else we get caught with
our own conscience; we get caught with loss of self-respect, with
not liking ourselves inside. The odds on losing health, on losing
honor, on losing life, on losing loved ones, on losing a quiet con-
science could scarcely be called a good gamble. And to anyone
who says you likely won't get hurt, or you likely won't get caught,
or likely you will get away with it, the answer wisely would be: "I
am not interested in the odds or the averages— I am all I have.
Life is all I have." The odds and the averages are not much comfort
to a person who personally loses what is most precious and im-
portant. Anyone who takes a dare he shouldn't take, or involves
himself in shady ventures, or gambles his health, his happiness,
his peace, his principles— anyone who takes a so-called calculated
risk where such precious and irreplaceable things are laid on the
line— would prove himself to be incalculably unwise, no matter
what he thinks the odds are. In all such considerations the answer
should be simply: "I'm not interested in averages or odds. I am
all I have—life is all I have— life and love everlastingly." What
do we have to lose? In the words of Albert Camus: "We have
nothing to lose — except everything."2
Accredited to Arthur Brisbane.
2Albert Camus, French Journalist.
"The Spoken Word," from Temple Square presented over KSL and the
Columbia Broadcasting System, April 8, 1962. Copyright 1962.
with it, all the systematic thinking
and acting of human beings is an
utterly insignificant reflection."
Said Kirtley Mather in "Science in
Search of God." "The more we know
about the world in which we live,
the better is our understanding of
God."
In Forum Magazine this same
great scholar said: "The question-
Is there a God— is now promptly and
finally answered in the affirmative."
Said Professor Edwin Conklin,
great Princeton University biologist:
"The probability of life originating
from accident is comparable to the
probability of the unabridged dic-
tionary resulting from an explosion
in a printing factory."
Said John Scott Haldine, one of
England's leading biologists: "Ma-
terialism, once a scientific theory, is
still the fatalistic creed of thousands,
but materialism is nothing better
than a superstition on the same, level
as belief in witchcraft."
We now live in a space age. We
are all greatly impressed by the ex-
ploits of human beings in space. We
are just now beginning to become
aware of the extent of space, its
wide expanse— the vastness of the
galaxies and solar systems which
are visible as far as the largest tele-
scope can reach.
Does this affect our faith— does it
help it or hurt it? Are we more im-
pressed with man's views on space
than we are with God's revelations
concerning this same space?
The new books on astronomy tell
of the millions of solar systems in
our Milky Way, and say that our
galaxy is but a speck in the remote
corner of the heavens. Does that
seem beyond your conception? Does
it dazzle you— this estimate of the
great modern scientists?
Do you suppose the Lord knows
anything about that?
Does he know anything about
space? Or must he learn from man?
Does he understand the vastness
of space and the tremendous ex-
panses which are filled with galaxies
by the millions and solar systems
by the hundreds of millions?
Listen to what God's prophet said
five thousand years ago: "And Enoch
said unto the Lord: . . . were it pos-
sible that man could number the
particles of the earth, yea, millions
of earths like this, it would not be a
beginning to the number of thy
534
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
NOSTALGIA . . .
A historic moment as President
Heber J. Grant speaks the first words on
KZN on May 6, 1922.
How the years speed by — and, this is never more evident than when one begins to dig into the archives of
a great institution which grew from such an infinitesimal beginning. And, KSL-Radio(KZN in the beginning
days, later KFPT, and finally KSL, a most logical choice!) DID start small, with one "Operating" room, a
"Transformer" room and a "Studio," and two people to man the whole operation.
Yet, the impact of this amazing new means of communication, then called "radio telephone," was fantastic.
The first little 250-watt transmitter was heard in many parts of the globe; broadcast days were lengthened
from one-half hour to several hours daily. Mail poured in.
And after these beginnings, radio began to gain stature, networks were formed and KSL was one of the
first to join. The parade of stars and highly polished programs began — remember Ruth Etting, Easy Aces,
Myrt and Marge, Captain Dobbsie, Skipper of the Shell Ship of Joy, Smilin' Ed McConnel, the Boswell
Sisters, Morten Downey, Tony Wons, Little Jack Little, Stoopnagle and Budd, Kate Smith, George Burns and
Gracie Allen — and a much, much younger Bing Crosby? With the depression, these talented people with
hundreds of their fellow entertainers, represented the only relaxation and enjoyment millions of Americans
knew while they rode out the economic storm.
When KSL went to 50,000 watts clear channel in October 22, 1932, it was one of 20 such stations in the
nation. Mail was received from all over the world — Sweden, Japan, the Fiji Islands. The Portland Oregonian
printed a daily KSL schedule; as did several other papers throughout the U.S. and Canada.
The present staff of KSL-Radio takes this opportunity of expressing deepest appreciation for the untiring
efforts of those who have gone before in building a truly great institution. It is a privilege to follow in their
footsteps, guided by their high ideals of honesty, perseverance, and quality.
JULY 1962
535
creations;" . . . (See Moses, 7:29-30.
Italics added.) \
And when the Lord spoke to Mo-
ses he said: ". . . only an account
of this earth, and the inhabitants
thereof, give I unto you. For behold,
there are many worlds which have
passed away by the word of my
power. And there are many that now
stand, and innumberable are they
unto man; . . . The heavens, they
are many, and they cannot be num-
bered unto man, but they are num-
bered unto me, for they are mine."
(See ibid., 2:35, 37. Italics added.)
Then does God know about space?
Is God behind the times? Need be-
lievers in God feel that they are back
numbers?
Five thousand years ago the Lord
revealed to Enoch what our astron-
omers are just now beginning to
find out.
Joseph Smith— more than a hun-
dred years ago— knew what our mod-
ern astronomers are just now finding
out.
Then who is behind the times?
Who is trailing in knowledge?
Which has the advantage— a man
who learns now that the creations
in the heavens are to be counted by
THE
SPOKEN
WORD
The strength to live above
circumstances
RICHARD L. EVANS
Last week we spoke of calculated risks, of taking
chances on losing the most precious and irreplace-
able things— honor and integrity, health and happi-
ness, peace and a quiet conscience and life and
loved ones everlastingly— and from Albert Camus
cited this sentence: "We have nothing to lose— except everything."1
We would follow these thoughts somewhat further with some
sentences from Thomas a Kempis, and with some added observa-
tions: "If you but consider what peace a good life will bring to
yourself," he said, "and what joy it will give to others, I think you
will be more concerned about your spiritual progress. ... It is
hard to break a habit, but ... if you do not overcome little and
easy things, how shall you overcome harder things? Resist your
inclination at the beginning, .* . . lest it lead you gradually into
a worse difficulty. . . "2 Sometimes we may suppose that our
problems, our difficulties, our temptations, our habits, in some
other place would easily resolve themselves. In a measure this may
sometimes be so, but "some defect is found in everything," he
said, "and everywhere someone will vex you."- Socrates said
something about a person who had difficulty in solving his prob-
lems—because "he took himself along with him."3 In every situation
there is an element of self, and the will, the strength, to live above
external circumstances must be within ourselves. Life is filled
with choices, with daily decisions, and despite discouragements,
disappointments, peace and a satisfying sense of purpose do come
with doing better, with being better, with repenting, with improv-
ing, with conquering unwholesome habits. And whatever direc-
tion, whatever tangent we are now taking will, unless we change
the course, give us some indication of the place we shall ultimately
arrive. The Lord God will not judge us by others, but only by
ourselves and what we do with our own opportunities; and no man
will lose what he is entitled to. On this premise, appraise the values,
seek counsel, be prayerful, humble, teachable; and "Consider what
peace a good life will bring to yourself, and what joy it will give
to others."2 "We have nothing to lose— except everything"1— and
nothing to gain— except everything.
^Albert Camus, French Journalist.
Thomas a Kempis, Imitation of Christ.
3Quoted by Montaigne, Of Solitude, accredited to Socrates.
"The Spoken Word," from Temple Square presented over KSL and the
Columbia Broadcasting System, April 15, 1962. Copyright 1962.
the billions, or the prophets of God
who five thousand years ago said
that the galaxies of the heavens were
more numerous than the particles of
the earth— yea of millions of earths
like this?
We live today in the so-called
space age.
But who made space? Who made
the heavenly bodies— the wide ex-
panse—we are just now beginning
to explore?
And who made the atoms, the
molecules— even the tiny life that
may be seen in a microscope?
"All things were made by him;
and without him was not any thing
made that was made." (John 1:3.
Italics added.)
Since our newest scientific knowl-
edge is just now beginning to pene-
trate the great things of God—
And since our great researchers
acknowledge that what they find is
the work of God, shall we be guilty
of turning our backs upon the very
source of all power and all knowl-
edge?
bnall we be as blind as Laman
and Lemuel in our enlightened day
and fail to gain some appreciation
of the Creator and his ways?
Shall we allow stubbornness to
prevent us from admitting the real
facts, as did Laman and Lemuel?
And if we shut our eyes to the
facts, can we say we are living in-
telligently in this enlightened age?
How much common sense was
there in the rebellion of Laman and
Lemuel and their bow-and-arrow
men?
How much good judgment was
there in it?
Was not their rebellion really to
be pitied?
Did any good come out of it?
Is it any more intelligent for us
to rebel against God?
Is it smart to disobey him? Did it
do Laman and Lemuel any good?
What doth it profit a man if he
gain the whole world and lose his
own soul?
"And it shall come to pass, that if
the Gentiles shall hearken unto the
Lamb of God in that day that he
shall manifest himself unto them in
word, and also in power, in very
deed, unto the taking away of their
stumbling blocks—
". . . And they shall be a blessed
people upon the promised land for-
ever"; (1 Nephi 14:1-2. Italics
added. )
536
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
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JULY 1962
537
A Tear for a Memory
(Continued from page 521)
tender ages, quite impressed by all
this rigamarole to get us to the
theatre, we walked quietly down the
carpeted aisle and took our places
very sedately on the fancy red plush
theatre seats. We were used to
nothing more luxurious than hard
wooden benches at our town's public
show house, and our experience with
"live" drama had been purely local
hometown performances of such
masterpieces as The Old Oaken
Bucket and Three Live Ghosts, writ-
ten for and played by people whose
love of performing far outweighed
their talent.
At the Salt Lake Theatre, then,
we were surprised and delighted
with the musical comedy No, No,
Nanette! It was gay and bright and,
though I have now no idea of the
names of the actors and actresses
in its road company, I can still see
the filmy chiffon, feather-bedecked
costumes of the singing, dancing
girls and can still hear the music
"Tea for Two and Two for Tea!"
Of course, Mama was a bit disap-
pointed that we weren't seeing
Maude Adams in Peter Pan, a role,
Mama said, that Miss Adams had
made famous and vice versa. Mama
wiped the tears away as we all sat
in the old Salt Lake Theatre and
watched a modern musical comedy,
the last performance she would see
in the Salt Lake Theatre.
This theatre had been completed
by a culture-loving people in 1862,
less than fifteen years after they had
traveled across a wilderness to es-
tablish a community. Though the
pioneers were still faced with the
necessity of providing the rudiments
of life, food, clothing, and shelter—
they were giving plays and perform-
ing and planning on building a thea-
ter.
Thus, the Salt Lake Theatre came
into being, even before the railroad
came. Brigham Young, who had
brought the Mormon people through
the wilderness and dark days of
poverty into a new land, led them
also in their cultural endeavors, and
was instrumental in having the thea-
tre built. A look at the early programs
for the theatre reads like a list
of Who's Who from the first promi-
nent settlers of Utah as many of the
notables put on make-up and stood
back of kerosene footlights to play
the roles called for in the old dramas.
After the railroads were built and
travel became easier, many of the
greats of the nineteenth century
theatrical world came to Utah to
perform in the Salt Lake Theatre.
Edwin Booth, John McCullough,
and Fanny Cathcart were among
those to thrill and be thrilled by per-
formances in the theatre.
This playhouse became more than
a building. To those who loved it, it
was endowed with a personality— a
personality that could not be de-
stroyed.
Practical -minded individuals
pointed out that it would not be logi-
cal to renovate a nearly seventy-
year-old building, that the theatre
was actually unsafe. And so, in the
late 1920's, the building came down.
Many years later, the Daughters
of Utah Pioneers built a handsome
building at the north end of Main
Street in Salt Lake City, in a spot
that seems to look down on the city.
Architecture for this memorial build-
ing is reminiscent of the old Salt
Lake Theatre.
And now, there is, indeed, a Pio-
neer Memorial Theater on the Uni-
versity of Utah campus in Salt Lake
City. It has huge colonnades in the
front and will contain innovations
to make theater-going as pleasurable
in the 1960's as it was in the 1860's
—nearly!
It is anticipated that this fine new
building will attract many of the
greats of the twentieth century
theatrical world who will enjoy per-
forming in the beautifully modern
structure.
When the building is completed,
I shall line up my children. There
will be no pink georgette gowns for
the girls, no blue serge knee britches
for the boy. But we shall go to the
theater.
As we travel in our modern sta-
tion wagon to the theater, I shall tell
my children my story of the Salt
Lake Theatre. I'm reasonably certain
we won't see No, No, Nanette. There
will be a tear roll down my cheeks,
though— a tear because Dad courted
Mama in the old Salt Lake Theatre,
a tear because I never saw Maude
Adams in Peter Pan— a tear for a
memory!
The Book of Mormon, Why?
( Continued from page 531 )
cautioned his brethren to do like-
wise with Isaiah because his words
"were written unto all of the house
of Israel. (Ibid., 19:24.) Jacob
quoted Isaiah and said to "liken them
[his teachings] unto you and unto
all men." (2 Nephi 11:8.) The young
people of the Church who are being
taught the eternal truths of the
Book of Mormon are of the house
of Israel, and where those who teach
fail to make proper application to
the lives of their students they are
failing in a significant duty. The
Book of Mormon is full of "built in
objectives" which can be made very
applicable to the lives of high school,
college, or Melchizedek Priesthood
quorum students— or to anyone.
For instance, Nephi states that he
will show "... that the tender mer-
cies of the Lord are over all those
whom he hath chosen, because of
their faith, to make them mighty
even unto the power of deliverance."
(1 Nephi 1:20.) He then proceeds
for the next eight chapters to show
how it was so in the journey of this
family to the promised land. He later
538
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
states: "For he that diligently seek-
eth shall find; and the mysteries of
God shall be unfolded unto them, by
the power of the Holy Ghost, as
well in these times as in times of old,
and as well in times of old as in
times to come; wherefore, the course
of the Lord is one eternal round."
(Ibid., 10:19.) In the next four
chapters, Nephi proceeds to show
how the mysteries of God were un-
folded to him. After he relates the
journeyings from the Valley of
Lemuel to the Land Bountiful, he
again reiterates his belief: "And thus
we see that the commandments of
God must be fulfilled. And if it so
be that the children of men keep
the commandments of God he doth
nourish them, and strengthen them,
and provide^ means whereby they
can accomplish the thing which he
has commanded them; . . ." (Ibid.,
17:3)— a belief he showed earlier
when he and his brothers were at-
tempting to obtain the brass plates.
It would be well for Latter-day
Saints to apply this principle in their
lives as well as quote it every week
in MIA. The Book of Mormon has
several such built-in objectives
around which lessons may be built.
These objectives can be realized in
the lives of students today as well
as they were in Nephi's time.
Why the Book of Mormon? It is
"a record of a fallen people," yes,
but it also contains the fulness of
the gospel of Jesus Christ; it is a
second witness to the divinity of
Jesus Christ as the Savior of the
world; it is a second witness to the
holy scriptures; and it provides the
proper interpretation of them. It is
also an affirmation of God's dealings
with mankind in our present gen-
eration and, thus, emphasizes God's
sameness yesterday, today, and for-
ever. It is an affirmation of his
points of doctrine as contained in
the Bible. Lastly, and perhaps the
most important, it is full of lessons
of life which can be applied today
for profit and learning.
"Therefore, having so great wit-
nesses, by them shall the world be
judged, even as many as shall here-
after come to a knowledge of this
work.
"And those who receive it in faith,
and work righteousness, shall receive
a crown of eternal life;
"But those who harden their hearts
in unbelief, and reject it, it shall turn
to their own condemnation—" (D&C
20:13-15.)
Associated Press
A.P. Wirephoto
Chicago Daily News
Chicago Tribune
Dow Jones Business
and Financial News
New York News
New York Times
Reuters Worldwide
United Press
International News
~^s
Add to this a
Washington, D.C.
bureau, a staff
of regional and
local reporters,
top features,
business news,
sports, comics and
women's news.
Result: Good
reading daily
and Sunday in
f be ^alt fake tribune
JULY 1962
539
THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTORS
One of the prime objectives of a quorum of the Mel-
chizedek Priesthood is to teach its members the
principles of exaltation.
This is done in quorums or groups at the weekly
ward priesthood meeting. Here members of each
quorum meet and, under the guidance of a qualified
instructor, learn and discuss the principles which,
if obeyed, will lead to eternal life.
Quorum presidencies are directly responsible for
the appointment and replacement of these instructors.
They are also responsible for the quality of the
instructions.
The instructors should be chosen from among the
quorum members. Where the quorum area corre-
sponds to a ward area, one instructor will be ap-
pointed. If the quorum consists of more than one
group, then an instructor will be appointed for
each group.
The ideal instructor is a man who, keeping the
commandments, has a good basic knowledge of
Church history and doctrine, combined with the
ability to draw the members of the group into a
discussion of the lesson. The most is learned when
the instructor has many class members making con-
tributions to the discussion.
In a society such as a quorum many members will
know as much or more than the instructor. The
happy feature of quorum instruction is that the mem-
bers will be mutually edified and benefited— provided
the instructor can keep the discussion pointed to the
lesson, and can see that the truth contained in the
lesson is understood.
"And truth is knowledge of things as they are,
and as they were, and as they are to come";
(D&C 93:24.)
The primary object is to teach eternal truth. We
are here for the purpose of finding the way, the truth,
and the light, until we stand once more in the presence
of the Father. The quorum or group meeting on
Sunday morning should be used to further that quest.
The lessons provided should be faithfully taught, and
knowledge of more worldly interest should be re-
ferred to only as such information will contribute
to the purpose of the lessons.
We are all more or less familiar with the following
LCHIZEDEK
ESTHOOD
%#
scriptures :
1. "The glory of God is intelligence, or, in other
words, light and truth." (Ibid., 93:36.)
2. "And as all have not faith, seek ye diligently and
teach one another words of wisdom; yea, seek ye out
of the best books words of wisdom; seek learning,
even by study and also by faith." (Ibid., 88:118.)
3. "It is impossible for a man to be saved in ig-
norance." (Ibid., 131:6.)
4. "A man is saved no faster than he gets knowl-
edge " (DHC 4:588.)
These scriptures justify us to seek knowledge
wherever it may be found, but we should not forget
that these admonitions more directly refer to the
knowledge which leads to life eternal; namely, to
know God the Father, and Jesus Christ, his son.
"And this is life eternal, that they might know thee
the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou has
sent." (John 17:3.)
While it is wise for us to know the principles
which make crops grow and airplanes fly, it is greater
wisdom to seek first the kingdom of God and his
righteousness, knowing that once this is done all
other things will be added.
Instructors are commissioned to teach on this basis.
There is no reason for the priesthood to spend its
time at the hour of instruction in discussion of things
not pertaining to the advancement of the faith and
spiritual knowledge of its members. If a man comes
away from the priesthood study hour disturbed be-
cause of doubt engendered or angry because of
arguments, something is wrong with the instructor
who allowed such disturbances to creep in. The wise
instructor will, with quiet dignity, keep the teaching
and the discussion in harmony with the spirit
of truth.
It is the responsibility of the instructor to keep the
class up to date. It is expected that he will lead
the class through the lessons provided by the Church,
arriving at the last lesson for the year, on the last
instruction day of the year. The necessity for this
can be readily understood when one realizes that the
courses of study are progressive from year to year,
following a definite pattern; if parts of the pattern are
left out, the completion of learning is faulty.
540
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
FOR QUORUM PRESIDENCIES
This is a reduced facsimile of the confidential annual
report for Melchizedek Priesthood quorums. It is a
summary of facts you will discover by making your
confidential annual visits to your quorum members.
The details of this visit are discussed on page 27 of
the Melcliizedek Priesthood Handbook.
The year is now one half gone. So that you may
be sure to make these confidential visits to each
member by the end of the year, now is the time to
start. While you may not be using active members
in quorum committee work you are expected to visit
them at least once in the year. You will be making
many visits to the inactive as you invite them to take
part in committee work or visit them at home. This
is assured as you put the new program into effect.
It will be easy to have a confidential visit with these
brethren as they respond to your friendliness and
concern for them.
PART I
(
OF ALL
:onfii
MELC
>ENTW
HIZEDI
lL annual report
ek priesthood quorums
For yorrr pmrtaH TWftmhAr 31, 19
(Stake or Mission)
No.
Enrolled
No. Living
at Home
No.
Quorum
Membori
Inter-
viewed
No. Full
Tithe-Payers
No. Who Do Not
Pay a Tithing and
Are Not Exempt
But Who Do Make
Contributions to
the Tithing Account
No. Observing
Sabbath and
Attending
Sacrament
Meeting
No. Holding
Regular
Family Prayers
Offi-
cers
Only
ALL Quorum
Members
Offi-
cers
Only
ALL Quorum
Members
Offi-
cers
Only
ALL Quorum
MemberB
Offi-
cers
Only
AIL Quorum
Members
Offi-
cers
Only
ALL Quorum
Members
HIGH PRIESTS
SEVENTIES
Quorum No.
Total for
Seventies
ELDERS
Quorum No.
SUPPORT OF MISSIONARIES
Where wards or priesthood quorums or individuals or
organizations have agreed to provide any part of a
missionary's support, they should be scrupulously
careful to see that the remittance goes to the mission-
ary regularly and on time— and without fail.
Missionaries in the field who receive money irregu-
larly, or who run out of money, sometimes impair
their health in going without essentials, and some-
times borrow from their companions, and in some
cases are troubled and worried and puzzled and less
effective because of these financial worries.
A commitment to help support a missionary is a
sacred commitment and should be strictly and faith-
fully observed. Bishops and quorum presidents and
others responsible for remittances to missionaries
please note.
JULY 1962
541
BIS
D
KESIDINC
HOPKICS
ACE
D
BOYS, CHERISH FREEDOM,
THE YEAST OF LIFE
Every young man holding the Aaronic Priesthood
should realize the necessity of a free society for the
proper functioning of the gospel of Jesus Christ. As
a bearer of the priesthood, you are responsible to
help preserve freedom. It is an eternal principle
and was given to man in the morning of creation.
The month of July is sometimes referred to as the
month of freedom. It is therefore timely that we
urge the leaders and the young men of the Aaronic
Priesthood to recall and discuss the blessings and
obligations of freedom.
Many of us can remember our mothers having a
container filled with a constant supply of fresh ac-
tive yeast. The use of yeast as a leavening agent in
the making of bread has long been a universal prac-
tice. Today yeast is supplied commercially in dry
form or in small compressed cakes. It is the yeast
in the bread dough that causes the bread to rise and
expand, sometimes doubling its bulk size. As a result
of this leavening process, we can enjoy tasty light
bread at our dinner tables.
Freedom, like yeast, is necessary for the expansion
and development of character. Creativity in all fields
of endeavor follows after the development of indi-
vidual freedom. Freedom has caused rapid advance-
ment of new discoveries and inventions. Man expands
and develops in initiative and character when ex-
posed to freedom, just as yeast causes bread to ex-
pand. Someone has said that "freedom is the mother
of invention." One need not look far to find the truth
of this saying. A brief survey of the major innova-
tions, inventions, and discoveries that have come
about during the past two hundred years clearly
shows the leavening influence freedom has in a so-
ciety. Less than three percent of these major dis-
coveries and inventions have come from the parts
of the world where individual freedom is not per-
mitted. The citizens of communistic countries are
dominated and restricted as wards of the state, thus
destroying individual initiative and aspirations.
Under this influence man is like a bird in a cage.
He is given food to eat, water to drink, and protection
from the elements. He has no worry of security;
everything is provided. This existence may sound
like Utopia except for one major flaw. He has no
freedom, no right to choose, hence no development
that must come through choices and decisions. Also,
creativity does not develop in a state of fear and
pressure. These people live in constant fear of re-
prisal for not meeting production goals.
Man is more than an animal among a collective
herd to be fed and given clean straw and to work.
Consider the leavening effects of freedom upon the
societies that produce the majority of Nobel Prize
winners. Nobel Prizes have been presented since 1901
to persons for outstanding achievements and contri-
butions to literature, peace, physiology and medicine,
physics, and chemistry. The percentage of Nobel
Prize winners from the communistic countries is infin-
itesimal in comparison with the number of winners
who have been privileged to live where freedom
abounds. Many of us remember Louis Pasternak
who won the Nobel Prize in literature for his book,
Dr. Zhivago, but was refused the liberty by his gov-
ernment of accepting the prize.
With proud hearts we can reminisce the accom-
plishments of great men of the past whose courage-
542
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
ous acts have helped to emancipate us from tyranny.
We fondly remember men like Martin Luther and
William Tyndale and others who have risked their
lives to bring about religious freedom. Men like
Washington, Hamilton, and Lincoln will long stir
our hearts with appreciation for developing and de-
fending our constitutional freedoms.
The battle of freedom did not end with their vic-
tories. Continued freedom requires sacrifice and
courage of us today if it is to be preserved. Let us
make no mistake about the serious nature of the
challenge to freedom today. There are forces in the
world at work to undermine our confidence in the
Constitution. Frequently, they disguise their objec-
tives by sweet-sounding names. We must never forget
that freedom has divine origin and that the loss of
freedom deters the work of our Father in heaven.
Individual agency is man's birthright decreed in the
heavens before the formation of this earth.
Liberty is not a manner of style, subject to change
and alterations. It is life itself. Man was not placed
upon the earth to be controlled and manipulated but
to be free.
"Know this, that every soul is free
To choose his life and what he'll be;
For this eternal truth is given,
That God will force no man to heaven.
"He'll call, persuade, direct aright,
And bless with wisdom, love, and light,
In nameless ways be good and kind,
But never force the human mind."
—William C. Gregg
Free agency gives holders of the priesthood the
opportunity to choose useful service to others, to
exercise self-control, to love God, and to keep his
commandments. But above all, the priesthood of
God encumbers the bearer with the responsibility to
defend and preserve1 liberty as a divine principle.
Liberty is truly the yeast of life.
PREPARING FOR OLD AGE WARD TEACHING SUPPLEMENT FOR AUGUST
"To know how to grow old is the masterpiece of
wisdom, and one of the most difficult chapters in the
great art of life."— Henri Amiel
There are three basic attitudes with which old age
can be approached. First, we can evade and ignore
thinking about it. The fallacy of this attitude is that
old age will come upon us, and we will find that we
are unprepared to face its problems, limitations, or
even its joys and pleasures. Second, we can become
embittered by it. We can let ourselves become frus-
trated by the physical limitations and feel sorry for
ourselves. The result of this attitude is that we
become bitter, cynical, and generally unpleasant to
ourselves and to those with whom we associate. Third,
we can accept it. We can realize that old age comes
to everyone and be prepared to face what it has to
offer. We are not responsible for the conditions
which are about us, but we are responsible for the
way we react to them. God did not send us into this
world to debate life but to live it.
Old age is only one phase of life and can be lived
to full advantage the same as youth or middle age.
Even though there are physical limitations, the mind
with constant use and exercise can continue to func-
tion with the alertness of youth. Old age, however,
has an advantage over youth in that it possesses
wisdom, sound judgment, dependability, serenity, and
clearer perspective. With these additional qualities,
elderly people can counsel, assist, and encourage
those still in youth or middle age. There are elderly
people in all fields and walks of life who have con-
tributed to music, art, politics, medicine, and religion.
Consider such examples as Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Winston Churchill, Conrad Adenauer, Albert Schweit-
zer, and the President of our Church, David O. McKay.
Old age has certain needs, such as security, affection,
and comfort, but one of the most important aids to
happiness and contentment is a strong faith in our
Heavenly Father. A faith in God provides opportun-
ities and assurances that make life complete in old
age. One is opportunity for service in the Church. No
matter what our age, there is always a place to serve
in some organization of the Church. There are also
opportunities for service to individuals and groups
outside the Church where wisdom and experience
would be a great benefit.
Faith provides the incentive and opportunity for
worship. With more leisure time to spend in study
and prayer, we are able to draw closer to God. Study,
prayer, and worship provide an inner source of power
and security that will magnify the blessings of old
age and will tend to resolve the difficulties and
anxieties. A strong faith in God must be constantly
developed and exercised throughout our lives. This
gives the assurance of having lived a life worthy of
salvation and exaltation, the assurance that God will
ever be with us. We will have comfort in the knowl-
edge that our lives have been useful and worthwhile.
What is done with the opportunities and advantages
of old age is up to each individual. Old age may be
a time of contentment, happiness, security, and satis-
faction of a life well lived. It may be as pleasant as
any other time of life— perhaps even more so, if we
are prepared.
JULY 1962
543
***
TODAY'S FAMILY / FLORENCE B. PJNNOCK, EDITOR
"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
."Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:
"But the seventh is the sabbath of the Lord thy
God: in it thou shalt not do any work." (Exodus
20:8-10.)
This commandment of our Heavenly Father does
not say, remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy
in the winter time. It says remember the Sabbath
day to keep it holy. This commandment includes
all seasons.
Summer time is vacation time and there is a care-
free spirit often prevalent in June, July, and August.
The children are out of school, and the home schedule
is topsy-turvy in a very happy way. Picnics are the
order of the day, and our summer menus are more
casual than our menus at any other time of the year.
All this is good if it is not carried too far. When
parents say, "It's Sunday, kids, get in the car, and
away we go," something is wrong in that home. A
commandment has just been thrown out of the
window. The children are playing follow-the-leader
of poor parental leadership.
Many would not spend Sunday on a lake or in a
picnic area, but what about the Sundays spent in the
kitchen working all day long to prepare a special
Sunday dinner for family and friends? Then what
of the time spent in cleaning up after the big Sunday
dinner? Is the Sabbath now a day set apart to
violate the commandment God gave us hundreds of
years ago? Nowhere has he rescinded this law.
Might your home have a large sign on it saying,
"Open Sundays," such as many shops and stores
display? This "Open Sundays," means someone is
working, someone is breaking the Sabbath. Used
correctly Saturday can be an insurance for a restful
Sunday. Saturday should be a day of planning,
buying, and preparing the food to be used on the
Sabbath. We are all such creatures of habit— start
right now making Saturday a Sunday preparation
day. Each week liberate Sunday a little more from
work day tasks and cares. Soon a strong new habit
will be a part of you, and Sunday will truly be a
Sabbath, a day to look forward to.
"Of all the day's that's in the week
I dearly love one day
And that's the day that comes betwixt
A Saturday and a Monday."— Henry Carey
OPEN
ON SUNDAY
mm'
i
■ -
?^S*<:-.-'.tvl
.,
SIX WEEKS OF SUMMER SUNDAY MENUS
I. Jellied Chicken*
Asparagus Casserole*
Shoestring potatoes
Chef's salad bowl
Cantaloupe a la mode
On Saturday the jellied chicken
can be prepared in its entirety. Also
prepare the aspargus casserole al-
ready to just slip into the oven 30
minutes before dinnertime Sunday.
The shoestring potatoes come out of
a can and the greens for the chefs
salad can be all washed and put
in a bag in the refrigerator ready
to break up in a bowl and sprinkle
with a light oil dressing at dinner-
time. The cantaloupes can be
chilling in the refrigerator overnight
and cut in half, cleaned, and
heaped with vanilla ice cream at
dessert time.
* Jellied Chicken, 8 servings
1 large stewing hen
2 tablespoons Knox gelatin
Yz cup cold chicken stock
3 cups chicken stock
2 cups cooked vegetables (peas,
string beans, beets, carrots, etc. )
1 green pepper, cut fine
Simmer the chicken until tender
in salted water to cover. Remove
the meat from the bones and cut in
bite-sized pieces. Reserve the stock
and let cool in refrigerator, skim off
the fat. Soak the gelatin in the Vz
cup of cold stock. Heat the 3 cups
of chicken stock and dissolve the
gelatin in it. Season to taste with
salt and white pepper. Let jell
slightly, then fold in the chicken
and the cooked vegetables. Put
into a large mold or into eight or
ten individual molds and place in
refrigerator to set. Sunday just be-
fore dinner, unmold and garnish
with mayonnaise.
* Asparagus Casserole
4 tablespoons flour
4 tablespoons butter
1 teaspoon salt
xk teaspoon pepper
IV2 pounds asparagus
2 pimentos chopped
4 hard cooked eggs, sliced
Yz cup cheese grated
dry bread crumbs
milk
Melt the butter, add flour, salt,
pepper, and mix. Drain the liquid
off the cooked asparagus and add
milk to make 2 cups. Add to flour
mixture and stir until thick. Remove
from heat and add the chopped
pimento. Grease a casserole and
put in half the cooked asparagus cut
in pieces, layer of eggs, sprinkle
with cheese, and repeat, pour over
all the white sauce. Sprinkle with
crumbs and dot with butter. Re-
serve in refrigerator until 30 min-
utes before dinner Sunday. Bake
at 350 degrees F. until heated
through and brown.
II. Sliced cold Ham
Special Potato Salad*
Molded Fruit Coleslaw
Orange Bread Chilled Watermelon
Everything in this menu can be
prepared a day ahead and served
with loving care on Sunday.
* Special Potato Salad
6 cups diced cooked potatoes (best
cooked with skins on and pealed
when cold)
¥4, cup chopped green onions with
tops
V4 cup minced parsley
Yi cup chopped green pepper
V4 cup chopped dill pickle
1 cup mayonnaise (more if desire
a moister salad)
3 tablespoons clear French dressing
salt to taste
Yz teaspoon celery seed
1 teaspoon dry mustard
V4 teaspoon white pepper
Combine the mayonnaise, French
dressing, and seasoning; add to the
salad ingredients. Toss lightly, store
in refrigerator and when ready to
serve pile high in a crystal bowl
lined with greens. Garnish with
slices of hard-cooked eggs.
III.
Meat Loaf with Mushroom Sauce
Corn on the Cob
Aspic* Hard Rolls (heated)
Strawberry Shortcake
On Saturday make your favorite
meat loaf and place it in the re-
frigerator ready to bake on Sunday.
The mushroom sauce is made by
adding one cup of cream to one
can of mushroom soup. Heat to
boiling and pour over cooked meat
loaf. The aspic and the sponge cake
to be used with the strawberries as
a shortcake can also be made the
day before. Also wash the straw-
berries and pick off the stems, place
in a bowl, and sprinkle with pow-
JULY 1962
545
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INSURED
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Enclosed is my Q check Q money order for $
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dered sugar and keep in refrigerator
overnight.
* Aspic
1 package lemon Jello
1% cups hot tomato juice
1 tablespoon vinegar
salt to taste
1 teaspoon onion juice
Va teaspoon white pepper
xk teaspoon nutmeg
Va teaspoon cloves
6 hard cooked eggs, deviled
Dissolve the Jello in the hot toma-
to juice. Add the vinegar and season-
ings. Pour one inch of the aspic
in a large mold and let set; add the
deviled eggs; cover with remainder
of the aspic and let set overnight.
Serve on salad greens.
IV. Sliced Cold Turkey
Hot Dressing Casserole
Molded Fruit Salad
Raw Vegetable Tray
Sunday Sundae
Roast the turkey Saturday and
make enough dressing to fill a large
casserole. Do not cook the dressing
casserole until 40 minutes before
dinner Sunday. Make the molded
fruit salad and prepare the raw
vegetables Saturday and keep chilled
in the refrigerator until serving time
Sunday. Sundaes rate high for sum-
mer desserts. Stir sliced fresh dates
and toasted sesame seeds into
caramel sauce and spoon over vanilla
ice cream.
Caramel Sauce
1 tablespoon flour
Vz cup white sugar
V2 cup brown sugar
1 tablespoon corn syrup
dash of salt
1 tablespoon butter
% cup water
Combine flour and white sugar
and blend. Add remaining in-
gredients and bring to a rolling boil
and cook until mixture forms a very
soft ball. Serve on ice cream, hot
or cold.
V. Lasagne* Chef's Salad Bowl
Toasted French Bread
Chocolate Ice Box Cake*
This whole meal can be prepared
on Saturday and stored in the re-
frigerator until Sunday. Remove the
lasagne from the refrigerator 45 min-
utes before the dinner is to be served
and bake it for 40 minutes in a 375
degree F. oven.
* Lasagne Makes 12 servings
1 pound ground beef
1 cup minced onions
1 clove of garlic minced or garlic
powder
1 tablespoon parsley flakes
1 teaspoon basil
IV2 teaspoons salt
1 1 -pound can tomatoes
2 6-ounce cans tomato paste
10 ounce package Lasagne
3 cups cream style cottage cheese
2 beaten eggs
V2 cup Parmesan cheese
1 pound Mozzarella or mild Amer-
ican cheese
MENDING TECHNIQUE
BY HELEN FAULKNER
Baby, Grandma is admitting
we enjoy our evenings here,
you in sleep, my little dear,
I in reverie and knitting.
What, you ask, could be more
fitting?
Suddenly I see it clear:
how a heart's full, vital sphere,
long inflated (love permitting),
snags a star one blinded year,
starts to shrink— then, in submitting
to the cause of family cheer,
finds new challenge benefiting,
mends the tear with babysitting.
Brown ground beef, pour off extra
fat, add next seven ingredients, and
simmer till sauce is thick (about 45
minutes). Stir occasionally. Cook
the noodles according to instructions
on package. Rinse in cold water.
Combine cottage cheese with the
beaten eggs, Parmesan cheese, a
dash of salt and pepper. Place half
the cooked noodles in a 13 by 9 by
2 inch baking dish. Spread half of
the cottage cheese mixture over; add
half of the Mozzarella cheese and
half of the meat sauce. Repeat
546
THE IMPROVEMENT ERA
layers. Sprinkle with 2 tablespoons
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IV2 pounds veal round steaks, cut %
inches thick
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dash of pepper
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3 tablespoons fat
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1 can condensed mushroom soup
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BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
PROVO, UTAH
Nauvoo
(Continued from page 516)
[of 1812]; and .all my kindred have
ever been faithful to the upright
laws of the government. Knowing,
therefore, these things to be true,
and knowing, too that I am an
honest man, it is very hard to be
treated by my fellow countrymen
as a vagabound. O, I love this
sacred Temple dearly, and it makes
me weep to think that I must so
soon leave it to the tender mercies
of the Christian world."
An easterner from Boston, J. H.
Buckingham, was in Chicago in 1847
as a delegate to the River and
Harbor Convention. After the con-
vention was over he traveled exten-
sively in Illinois.12 Among other
places he visited Nauvoo. "Time
was, and that not two years and a
half ago, when every house was
full and every farm under good
cultivation, now, everything looks
forlorn and desolate, not half the
buildings are occupied, and of these
not half are half full. The stores
are closed. The farms are running
to waste. The streets are overgrown
with grass. The inhabitants look like
anything but an industrious people,
and everything tells of ruins instead
of prosperity."
He, of course, visited the "far-
famed Mormon temple," and left
behind probably the most detailed
description of the temple, especially
the interior, ever set down.11 Later
he called on "the widow of Joe
Smith." He writes favorably of her.
"She is an intelligent woman, . . .
rather large, and very good looking,
with a bright sparkling eye, but a
countenance of sadness when she is
not talking; she must have been a
handsome woman when some years
younger."
He goes on to say that the rise
and progress of the Church "will be,
if it should ever be written, a ro-
mance of thrilling interest. No one
can visit Nauvoo, and come away
without a conviction that whatever
of rascality and crime there may
have been among them, the body of
the Mormons were an industrious,
hard-working, and frugal people. In
the history of the whole world there
cannot be found such another in-
stance of so rapid a rise of a city
out of the wilderness— a city so well
built, a territory so well cultivated.
That they had bad men and bad
women among them, is not to be
doubted nor denied; but if the au-
thorities of Illinois had acted in good
faith, if Governor Ford had had
firmness and moral courage enough
to do his duty and sustain the laws,
as he pretended, and I believe, in-
tended to sustain, the race would
not have been driven away by mobs
to die of starvation, and disease, and
of grief.
"Joe Smith, the prophet-leader,
was, although an uneducated man,
a man of great powers, and a man
who could conceive great projects."
The above seven accounts are
typical of the many extant for this
period. Most of the authors try to
be fair and sympathetic.
Nauvoo and the Mormon story,
however, was to become much more
widely known throughout the United
States and Europe through the works
of four artists than through the pub-
lications of travelers. During the
1840's five artists painted panoramas
of the Mississippi River, ranging
from 440 yards up to 1,250 yards in
length, which were exhibited as
moving "newsreels" of travelogs.14
All of the various artists had career
connections with St. Louis and two
painted their panoramas there.
In four of the five panoramas
Nauvoo was featured. The first of
these works was painted by John
Banvard ( 1815-1891 ) . It was ready
for exhibition in 1846 and was ad-
vertised as the "largest painting ever
executed by man," and exhibited a
view of the river 1,200 miles in
length— from the mouth of the Mis-
souri River to New Orleans. Since
Nauvoo is over 150 river miles north
of the confluence of the Missouri
and Mississippi, it naturally was not
represented.
Banvard's popularity and success
inspired competitors. Shortly after-
wards, sometime in 1848, John
Rowson Smith was exhibiting his
"four mile painting" which depicted
4,000 miles of the river from the
Falls of St. Anthony (near St. Paul)
to the Gulf of Mexico. Since Smith
could hardly have pictured every-
thing on the Mississippi, he natu-
rally passed many towns of small
importance such as Quincy and War-
saw, Illinois. Nauvoo, however, by
this time was too well-known a city
to be bypassed. The temple was
included. ( See picture accompanying
this article.)15 The descriptive
548
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THE MONROE CO., 249 Church St., Colfax, Iowa
pamphlet of this "gigantic moving
panorama" described Nauvoo as
follows: "Nauvoo— A Mormon City,
and settlement, now deserted. It is
one of the finest locations for a town
upon the river, . . . The great Mor-
mon Temple stands out conspicuous.
It is the finest building in the
west. . . ." There follow some of the
typical scraps of anti-Mormon gossip
secured from "reliable sources"
which, as usual, are unidentified.1 1!
Smith's "marvel" was shown all
over the USA, before Queen Victoria,
and on the continent.
The making and exhibiting of
these panoramas became very popu-
lar. The St. Louis Reveille of Octo-
ber 22, 1849 stated: "Ever since the
advent of Banvard, this city has been
literally over -run with panoramas. I
cannot enumerate them all, but there
is [sic] always two or more open at
the same time." After describing
many of these various panoramas,
the writer concluded with the state-
ment that, "While the other halls are
empty, Stockwell's is full."
Samuel B. Stockwell painted a
third Mississippi panorama. Unfor-
tunately since his work has disap-
peared, his sketches have never been
found, and no printed guide has
been located, we know little about
it. It was supposed to be superior
to all others. It opened in St. Louis
in October 1848.
The press announced that it was
"three times the extent of any paint-
ing in the world" and shows "every
city, town, village, and landing from
the Gulf of Mexico to the Falls of
St. Anthony." We are thereby con-
fident that Nauvoo was included.
This panorama was shown up and
down the Mississippi River, the
eastern USA, and even in Cuba.
The next artist to create a travel
picture of the Mississippi was an
Englishman, Henry Lewis, an ama-
teur artist who eventually settled in
St. Louis. During the summers of
1846, 1847, and 1848 he made sketch-
ing trips up the river.17
On one such trip, during June and
July 1848, he records in his journal18
that he was much impressed with
the Mormon temple. "Taking into
consideration the circumstances un-
der which it was built it is a won-
derful building and, considering too
that it is of no particular style, it
does not in the least offend the eye
by its uniqueness, like most all inno-
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vations from old established stand-
ards do. . . . It bears a nearer
resemblanee to the Byzantium or
Roman-Grecian style than any
other. ..."
The next day he explored the
interior of the temple and called on
"Joseph Smith's widow." Lewis de-
scribed her as a "remarkably fine
looking woman. I should judge of
some 34 or 40 years of age with a
strongly marked, though kind and
intelligent face on whose surface
are the marks of much care and
suffering. She supports herself and
family by keeping one of the largest
and best hotels in the place and
seems to be doing a thriving
business."
Lewis's panorama was first ex-
hibited in May 1849 in Cincinnati.
It opened in St. Louis September 1
of the same year and all the papers
praised it. The Missouri Republican
declared that "the architectural view
of the Nauvoo Temple is a mag-
nificent work. . . ." His work was
shown throughout the USA, Canada,
and in Europe. He himself later
settled in an art colony in Dues-
seldorf.
The fifth effort to picture the
Mississippi was done by a French-
man, Leon Pomarede, who also
settled in St. Louis.19 His work
opened in September 1849. We are
told that he floated downstream
painting "from nature every object
worthy of notice . . . not missing
town, village, bluff, rock, Indian
encampment, or a single object of
interest." Unfortunately no frag-
ments remain of this work. We
know, however, from a "Guide to
Pomarede's Panorama" that Nauvoo
was included. He took his picture
East and hoped to tour Europe, but
unfortunately it was destroyed by
fire in Newark, New Jersey, Novem-
ber 1850. No sketches or illustra-
tions are known to exist.
NOTES:
:Figures from W. J. Peterson, Steam-
boating on the Upper Mississippi, Iowa
City, 1937, and C. B. Walker, The Missis-
sippi Valley, Burlington, Iowa, 1879.
2 One of the few maps which shows
Commerce is in J. H. Collins, Travelers'
Directory for Illinois, N.Y., 1840. Hancock
County was first settled in 1814 near
Warsaw. It became a county in 1829
and had then 350 inhabitants. In 1839
Commerce was a little village with a few
houses. The whole county at the time of
the Mormon influx had a population of
not over 6,000, and not a single newspaper.
When thousands of Mormons fled from
Missouri into the Hancock area in 1838-
1839, they quickly became a powerful
cultural and political, not to mention,
religious, force to be reckoned with—
legally and friendly, or otherwise. Joseph
Smith paid $1,400.00 for the site and
moved there May 1839.
:,No attempt has been made to in-
clude the already well-known accounts of
Mormons themselves or of such visitors as
Josiah Quincy in his Figures of the Past,
Boston, 1883; or those of W. Harris, Mor-
monism Portrayed, Warsaw, 111., 1841; J.
A. Clark, Gleanings by the Way, N.Y.,
1842; D. B. Kidder, Mormonism and the
Mormons, N.Y., 1842; J. B. Turner, Mor-
monism in All Ages, N.Y., 1842; H. Cas-
wall, The Prophet of the Nineteenth
Century, London, 1843; G. W. Westbrook,
Mormonism, St. Louis, 1844; or W. Ait-
kins, Journey up the Mississippi from Its
Artist Emil Vallet's (1834-1907) con-
ception in oils of the Nauvoo Temple.
The painting was done in browns and
golds in 1862, depicting the temple as
it stood about 1846 and 1847. (From
Chicago Historical Society.)
Mouth to Nauvoo, Ashton-under-Lyne,
England, 1845. Excellent guides to travel
literature of the midwest area are S. J.
Buck's, Travel and Description, 1765-1865,
Illinois Historical Collections, V. IX, V. II
of Bibliographical Series, Springfield, 1914,
and R. R. Hubach's, Early Mid-Western
Travel Narratives, 1634-1850, Detroit,
1961. No attempt has been made to
include information from the thousands of
news items about Nauvoo which appeared
in the contemporary press. This is a spe-
cial field and worthy of separate treatment.
Also worthy of separate study is the
voluminous travel literature about Nauvoo
written during the 1850's and 1860's.
Statement of E. B. Washburne in Mor-
mon MSS Collection of Chicago Historical
Society.
5 Albert C. Koch, Reise durch einen Teil
der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika
in der Jahren 1844 bis 1846 [Travels in
North America] Dresden, 1847.
GIbid., p. 78. "Diese Ochsen sind wirk-
lich Meisterstiicke von Arbeit."
7Wm. W. Greenough, Tour of the West-
ern Country, 1845, Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society Proceedings, XLIV, (Jan.
550
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JULY 1962
1911), p. 346.
8Nathaniel Fish Moore, A Trip from
New York to the Falls of St. Anthony in
1845, (eds.) Stanley Pargellis, and Ruth L.
Butler) Chicago, 1946.
"Truman M. Post, Truman M. Post: A
Biography, St. Louis, 1891.
10Charles Lanman, A Summer in the
Wilderness: A Canoe Voyage, Philadelphia,
1847.
uThe population figures of Nauvoo
differ from author to author. There never
was an actual census taken. During its
height its population is estimated at from
12,000 to 20,000. It is generally considered
to have been at approximately 14,000 at
the time of the martyrdom, June 1844.
V2See J. H. Buckingham's letters to the
Boston Courier in 1847, edited by Harry
E. Pratt as "Illinois as Lincoln Knew It,"
Papers in Illinois History and Transaction
for the Year 1937, Springfield, 1938, pp.
109-187.
i:iFor further description of the tem-
ple , see N. B. Lundwall's compilation
Temples of the Most High, Salt Lake City,
1945. The cornerstone of the temple was
laid April 6, 1841, the capstone May 24,
1845. It was dedicated May 1, 1846 (after
Brigham Young and many had left for
the west). It was fired by an incendiary
November 18, 1848. On May 27, 1850 a
tornado leveled the walls. Some of the
stones were sold for $1,500.00 to a builder
in St. Louis who used them in a structure
which still stands at 300 N. 4th St. This
building will soon be razed. The best
study of the destruction of the temple is
Joseph Earl Arrington's "Destruction of
the Mormon Temple at Nauvoo," Journal
of the Illinois State Historical Society, XL
(March-December 1947), pp. 414-425.
14See John Francis McDermott, The Lost
Panoramas of the Mississippi, Chicago,
1958.
15An engraving of the temple based
upon Smith's drawings was published in
Graham's Magazine, XXIV (April 1849),
no. 4, p. 257. The publishers claimed
that this was the first picture of the temple
ever published.
16 John R. Smith, Descriptive Pamphlet
of Smith's Leviathan Panorama of the
Mississippi River, Philadelphia, 1848.
1 7Lewis was born in Scarborough, Kent,
England in 1819. While exhibiting his
panorama in Europe he decided to re-
main in Duesseldorf, which then had an
important art colony. While there he
wrote a book which was translated into
German and published as Das lllustrierte
Mississippithal [The Illustrated Mississippi
Valley] n.d. [1853]. The sixteen page
(pp. 230-245) account of Nauvoo in this
book is two steps removed from the artist
himself. He says that the description of
Nauvoo was provided by a Mr. Flagg
( perhaps Edmund Flagg who wrote The
Far West, N.Y., 1838) and translated into
German by George B. Lewis. Flagg's
narrative is a typical hit or miss rehash
of early Mormon history. Flagg claims
to have met Joseph Smith on April 26,
1844, and carries the story to 1853 and
Utah. The illustrations on the cover of
this issue are from Lewis's book.
18See Bertha L. Heilbron, "Making a
Motion Picture in 1848," Minnesota His-
tory, XVII (June 1936), no. 2, and XVII
(Dec. 1936), no. 4.
19See McDermott, op. cit., pp. 145-160.
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that one man should know all the world, but quite pos-
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in that I am his pupil.— Emerson
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Talent for talent's sake is a bauble and
a show. Talent working with joy in the
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We can be thankful to a friend for a few acres, or a little money;
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we look upon ourselves as under no obligation.— Seneca
The science teacher exclaimed:
"Can you imagine light traveling
at 186,000 miles per second?"
when the student retorted, "Yeah,
but it's downhill all the way!"
552
THE IMPROVEMENT EHA
A RETIREMENT COMMUNITY CENTER
in Utah's cotton land where Brigham Young's winter
home was located. You can retire on a modest
income in Utah's Dixie. Live year around in the sun
. . . among friendly people.
GROUNDBREAKING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1962
'..njf
j**
The Road Runner Inn, under development the past 4 years, is a combined tourist and
recreation center, consisting of hotel units, 18 hole golf course, restaurant and club-
house, swimming pool, tennis courts, boating and fishing on two nearby lakes supplied
by water that formerly furnished power for the old cotton mill in early pioneer days.
Other assorted sports activities will be available. In connection with this long awaited
project, sites for winter homes, apartment homes, and homes for retired people and
trailer park homes are being sold. Building lots are also available. All the recreation
facilities are available to members of the community center.
A splendid place for all year golfing, fishing, every outdoor recreation. Located close
to a Mormon Temple and within easy driving distance of Zion National Park, Bryce
Canyon National Park, Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell which will be 186 miles
long, and Grand Canyon National Park.
The first pioneers called to the Southland of Utah to colonize were sent to Washington,
Utah in 1857. Later, in 1861, additional pioneers arrived and settled St. George and
Santa Clara. The cotton mill was established at Washington because of abundant water
which was used for power. Now, one hundred years later, a new breed of pioneers
is establishing a retirement and resort community at the twin cotton cities, Washington-
St. George, Utah. Brigham Young found the climate excellent for his winter home
during his later years. We feel that you will, too.
Buy a new home and live an active, fun-filled life. Write and tell us your plans for
retirement. The first 25 lots are sold at this printing.
tf n~
L.D.S. TEMPLE IN ST. GEORGE
ST. GEORGE, UTAH
Daily Maximum
Temperatures
1926-1955
Average
January
52.7
February
58.9
March
67.4
April
77.0
May
85.8
June
94.9
July
101.4
August
99.3
September
93.4
October
80.6
November
64.9
December
53.7
For further information write to:
ROAD RUNNER INN
Washington (St. George), Utah
Telephone Orchard 3-3746, St. George, Utah
I am interested in the following: □ Apartment home □ Retirement home
□ Winter home only □ Trailer park home [J Building lot
Name_
Address.
-City.
_State_
Phone No._
.Business.
Is your
life insurance
Beneficial?
The sirens scream . . . policemen sitting
tall in their cycle saddles clear the way . . .
and then comes the parade! The color guard
marches smartly by . . . the fifty-star flag of
the United States waving proud and free . . .
a symbol of a great nation ... a nation
determined to safeguard its heritage and
way of life.
The policeman is a symbol, too ... a
symbol of the thousands of policemen, fire-
men, postal workers, and other men and
women who serve America so well . . . and
play such an important role in our daily lives.
They, too, have families. They, too, protect
the future of their families with Beneficial
Life Insurance. There's a Beneficial Planned
Futures program that just fits the needs of
your family. Ask about it soon.
BENEFICIAL LIFE
Virgil H. Smith, Pres.
Salt Lake City, Utah
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